Abses Bezold

Abses Bezold

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Definisi

Abses bezold adalah sekumpulan nanah yang terletak di bagian samping leher yang umumnya sebagai komplikasi penyakit infeksi telinga tengah. Telinga bagian tengah yang mengalami infeksi dapat menjalar menuju ke tulang mastoid (yaitu tulang yang menyusun dinding bagian belakang telinga tengah) dan menyebar ke otot-otot penyusun leher. Lebih lanjut, infeksi dapat berkembang ke lapisan leher bagian dalam dan membuat kumpulan nanah, sehingga terbentuklah abses bezold.

Angka kejadian abses bezold cenderung menurun secara signifikan setelah ditemukannya antibiotik. Namun, dewasa ini, angka kejadian terjadinya abses bezold kembali meningkat. Hal ini diduga dikarenakan infeksi telinga bagian tengah yang tidak disadari, sehingga tidak mendapatkan tatalaksana yang baik. Kondisi ini kemudian dapat berkembang menjadi abses bezold.

Penyebab

Bakteri penyebab terjadinya abses bezold serupa dengan bakteri yang menyebabkan terjadinya mastoiditis atau peradangan pada tulang mastoid. Penyakit ini dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri gram positif dan bakteri gram negatif. Beberapa contoh bakteri gram positif aerob yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya abses bezold berupa Streptoccocus, Staphylococcus, dan Enterococcus sp.. Sedangkan bakteri gram negatif anaerob yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya abses bezold dapat berupa Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, dan Proteus sp.

Faktor Risiko

Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya abses bezold, berupa:

  • Kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah. Diketahui bahwa anak-anak yang hidup dalam kemiskinan memiliki kecenderungan mengalami abses bezold.
  • Adanya kondisi medis yang berdampak pada fungsi tuba eustasius. Tuba eustasius merupakan suatu saluran yang menyambungkan antara telinga tengah dengan dunia luar. Saluran ini berfungsi untuk menyeimbangkan tekanan telinga bagian tengah dengan dunia luar. Ketika terjadi beberapa kondisi seperti anak yang lahir dengan kelainan pada langit-langit mulut, gangguan sistem imun, atau adanya kelainan struktur penyusun pada dinding teling tengah atau pada tuba eustachius, hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya infeksi pada telinga tengah dan tulang mastoid. Lebih lanjut, kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya abses bezold.
  • Pada pasien dewasa, harus dipertimbangkan adanya gangguan sistem imun yang didapat berupa penyakit HIV, riwayat penyakit diabetes atau penyakit gula yang tidak terkontrol, gagal ginjal, dan pasien yang mengalami gangguan sistem imun disebabkan oleh penyebab lainnya.
  • Pasien yang mengalami penyakit telinga kronis yang tidak diobati dengan baik.

Gejala

Terdapat beberapa gejala klinis yang dapat ditemukan pada kasus abses bezold, yaitu berupa:

  • Nyeri pada leher,
  • Bengkak pada leher bagian samping,
  • Nyeri pada telinga,
  • Nyeri tekan pada belakang telinga bagian atas,
  • Keluarnya cairan dari dalam telinga,
  • Hilangnya pendengaran.

Jika Anda merasakan adanya gejala-gejala di atas yang disertai dengan munculnya demam dan pembengkakan pada leher, hal ini dicurigai telah terjadinya penyebaran infeksi ke kepala dan leher. Kondisi ini memerlukan evaluasi lebih lanjut pada kepala dan leher.

Diagnosis

Anamnesis

Penyakit abses bezold dapat terjadi pada semua usia. Pada anamnesis, dokter Anda akan menanyakan gejala-gejala yang Anda rasakan. Lebih lanjut, dokter Anda akan menemukan adanya riwayat infeksi telinga berulang yang hilang timbul seperti otitis media berulang atau otitis media kronis yang disertai dengan berlubangnya membran timpani Anda. Dokter Anda juga akan menanyakan adanya riwayat operasi pada daerah mastoid Anda.

Pemeriksaan Fisik

Pada pemeriksaan fisik, dokter Anda akan menemukan adanya kelainan pada saluran telinga bagian luar Anda. Dokter Anda mungkin juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan saraf kranial atau saraf kepala untuk mengetahui apakah infeksi menyebar menuju ke kepala dan leher.

Pemeriksaan Penunjang

Terdapat beberapa pemeriksaan penunjang yang mungkin dilakukan dokter Anda untuk menegakan diagnosis, beberapa diantaranya berupa:

  • Pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel darah Anda. Lebih lanjut, darah Anda akan diperiksa di laboratorium untuk mengetahui penyebab yang mendasari terjadinya abses bezold. Dokter Anda mungkin juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan berupa kultur bakteri untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya abses bezold. Kultur bakteri dilakukan terutama jika Anda mengalami kondisi sistem imun yang buruk.
  • Pemeriksaan CT scan leher. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan jika terdapat adanya indikasi atau kecurigaan abses pada leher bagian dalam. Pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan CT scan cenderung menampilkan hasil yang lebih detail dan spesifik.
  • Pemeriksaan X ray pada tulang sekitar telinga. Pemeriksaan X ray atau rontgen dapat dilakukan pada tulang temporal atau sekitar telinga. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan bila pemeriksaan CT scan tidak mampu dilakukan.

Tata Laksana

Jika berdasarkan pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan dokter mendiagnosis Anda dengan abses bezold, dokter Anda akan memberikan terapi antibiotik yang diberikan sesuai dengan hasil pemeriksaan kultur bakteri di laboratorium. Jika pada hasil pemerikaan CT scan ditemukan adanya penumpukan cairan, maka akan dilakukan operasi untuk membuang penumpukan cairan tersebut.

Selain mengobati abses bezold, dokter Anda juga akan mengatasi penyebab terjadinya abses bezold. Jika Anda mengalami abses bezold yang disebabkan oleh Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik atau OMSK, maka dokter Anda akan melakukan pengobatan dengan cara memasang grommet pada telinga Anda. Grommet merupakan sebuah saluran yang diletakan pada membran timpani. Hal ini berfungsi untuk mengobati OMSK yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang pada Anda.

Abses bezold memiliki angka kesembuhan yang cukup tinggi jika infeksi tidak menyebar ke tulang temporal pada kepala dan jika pemberian pengobatan dengan menggunakan antibiotik yang tepat dilakukan sejak awal munculnya abses bezold.

Komplikasi

Terdapat beberapa penyakit yang dapat muncul sebagai komplikasi abses bezold. Berdasarkan kondisi dan lokasinya, komplikasi yang dapat muncul berupa:

  • Jika infeksi tidak diobati dengan baik, infeksi akan menyebar ke daerah lain seperti sinus dan selaput otak atau meninges.
  • Jika infeksi telah menyebar ke dalam kepala, infeksi paling sering akan menyerang pada lapisan selaput leher bagian dalam. Kondisi ini lebih lanjut akan menyebabkan beberapa penyakit seperti thrombosis vena jugular, neuropati kranial, dan trismus.
  • Jika kasus abses bezold terjadi dalam jangka panjang, hal ini dapat menimbulkan komplikasi berupa peradangan pada selaput otak atau meningitis, hilangnya fungsi pendengaran hingga terjadinya kematian.

Pencegahan

Jika Anda mengalami infeksi pada telinga, segera berobat ke dokter Anda. Pengobatan yang baik dan tepat pada infeksi telinga dapat mencegah terjadinya abses bezold. Jika Anda memiliki kondisi sistem imun yang kurang baik dikarenakan HIV/AIDS atau diabetes, lakukan pengontrolan rutin ke dokter Anda.

Kapan Harus Ke Dokter?

Segera ke dokter jika Anda merasakan adanya infeksi telinga atau jika Anda merasakan adanya gejala-gejala yang disebutkan di atas.

Writer : dr Sherly Deftia Agustina
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 12:08

Lepore ML, Hogan CJ, Geiger Z. Bezold Abscess. [Updated 2022 Feb 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436004/

Radiopaedia.org. (2021, 9 September). Bezold abscess | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Diakses pada 2 Maret 2022, dari https://radiopaedia.org/articles/bezold-abscess

Radiopaedia.org. (2021, 19 Agustus). Acute mastoiditis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Diakses pada 2 Maret 2022, dari https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-mastoiditis

Lovato, Andrea MD; de Filippis, Cosimo MD BEZOLD ABSCESS: A RARE COMPLICATION OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA, Otology & Neurotology: July 2019 - Volume 40 - Issue 6 - p 846-847 doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002279

 

Lyoubi, H., Berrada, O., Lekhbal, A., Abada, R. A., & Mahtar, M. (2020). Bezold’s abscess: An extremely rare complication of suppurative mastoiditis: Case report and literature review. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.052

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new126msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 07:18:05' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 07:18:05
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new15.26msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1133 where `id` = 2899
      Bindings
      • 0: 1133
      • 1: 2899
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new13.43msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2899, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 07:18:05', '2025-04-06 07:18:05')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2899
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 07:18:05
      • 8: 2025-04-06 07:18:05
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new860μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 32 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 32
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9628 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9628
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1328 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1328
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2971 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2971
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4358 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4358
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2166 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2166
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6283 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6283
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1970 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1970
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5104 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5104
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5147 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5147
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5031 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5031
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1992 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1992
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2909 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2909
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new650μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new550μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new820μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    48Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
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        rwazjMWEpMhDRzYn6Z5zq8gJCDKozVRDWecgwX36
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/abses-bezold" ]
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/abses-bezold
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "rwazjMWEpMhDRzYn6Z5zq8gJCDKozVRDWecgwX36" "laravel_session" => "ewxalSfcSznsdcMlC5KdOjb2tGbm705njZ8gm81a" ]
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