Pemeriksaan Anti HAV IgM

Pemeriksaan Anti HAV IgM
kenali pemeriksaan anti HAV untuk mendeteksi hepatitis A

Bagikan :


Definisi

Pemeriksaan Anti HAV IgM adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan guna mencari antibodi terhadap virus hepatitis A dalam darah. Pemeriksaan tersebut dapat mengetahui apakah Anda terinfeksi virus hepatitis A (HAV). Hepatitis adalah pennyakit peradangan hati dan sering disebabkan oleh infeksi. Sebagian besar infeksi hepatitis disebabkan oleh 1 dari 5 virus: hepatitis A, B, C, D, atau E. Karena gejala dari semua infeksi ini serupa, tes darah ini dapat memberi tahu dokter jenis virus yang mungkin Anda miliki. Pada artikel ini, akan dibahas mengenai virus hepatitis A lebih lanjut.

Sistem kekebalan tubuh membuat antibodi saat pertama kali terinfeksi HAV. Diperlukan waktu 14 hingga 50 hari untuk mengembangkan gejala hepatitis A setelah terinfeksi. Waktu rata-rata untuk mendapatkan gejala setelah terinfeksi adalah 30 hari. Antibodi dapat ditemukan dalam darah pada 5 sampai 10 hari sebelum anda mulai mengalami gejala. Antibodi ini dapat bertahan dalam darah selama 6 bulan setelah infeksi. Beberapa antibodi yang disebut IgG dapat bertahan dalam darah seumur hidup.

Anda bisa tertular HAV melalui makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi virus. Virus ini juga menular melalui droplet. Jadi Anda bisa terinfeksi dengan melakukan kontak dengan seseorang yang memiliki infeksi.

Infeksi HAV seringkali hilang dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa minggu atau bulan. Jika sudah pernah terinfeksi HAV, kemungkinan besar Anda tidak akan pernah mengalami infeksi HAV lagi. Ini disebut memiliki kekebalan terhadap infeksi. Namun masih memungkinkan mengalami infeksi hepatitis jenis lainnya.

 

Indikasi

Anda mungkin memerlukan tes ini jika dokter mencurigai Anda mengalami infeksi hati yang disebabkan oleh HAV. Dokter juga dapat melakukan tes ini jika Anda memiliki gejala HAV atau memiliki riwayat yang membuat Anda berisiko terkena virus. Faktor risiko untuk HAV meliputi:

  • Bepergian ke negara dengan tingkat infeksi HAV yang tinggi
  • Memiliki kontak dengan makanan yang terkontaminasi
  • Berada dalam kontak dekat dengan orang yang memiliki HAV
  • Berhubungan seks dengan seseorang yang terinfeksi HAV
  • Bekerja di pusat kesehatan atau penitipan anak
  • Berbagi jarum untuk penggunaan narkoba IV (intravena)

Gejala HAV sering mulai tiba-tiba dan mungkin termasuk:

  • Kelelahan ekstrem (kelelahan)
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Sakit perut
  • Demam
  • Kotoran berwarna abu-abu muda atau tanah liat
  • Warna kuning pada kulit, mata (jaundice)
  • Urine berwarna gelap

Beberapa orang, terutama anak-anak, mungkin mengidap HAV tanpa gejala.

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi atau kondisi yang membuat seseorang tidak bisa melakukan pemeriksaan ini.

 

Persiapan sebelum pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan anti HAV. Pemeriksaan ini bisa dilakukan dalam keadaan tidak berpuasa. Meskipun demikian, Anda disarankan untuk melakukan konsultasi medis terlebih dahulu kepada dokter sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan ini sebab ada beberapa kondisi yang dapat menganggu hasil laboratorium sehingga tidak menggambarkan kondisi Anda yang sesungguhnya.

Sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan, disarankan untuk beristirahat yang cukup dan mencukupi kebutuhan cairan dengan minum air yang cukup. Hal ini dapat mempermudah petugas lab untuk mengakses pembuluh darah Anda.

 

Prosedur pemeriksaan

Tes dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel darah. Jarum digunakan untuk mengambil darah dari pembuluh darah di lengan atau tangan Anda.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Hasil Negatif:

Uji ini mendeteksi adanya antibodi IgM spesifik virus hepatitis A (HAV). Hasil negatif biasanya menunjukkan tidak adanya infeksi HAV akut atau baru. Hasil negatif juga dapat terjadi dengan respons IgM anti-HAV yang tidak adekuat atau tertunda setelah paparan.

Hasil Zona Abu-abu (tanda abnormal):

Uji ini mendeteksi adanya antibodi IgM spesifik virus hepatitis A (HAV). Hasil zona abu-abu (samar-samar/tidak pasti) dapat dilihat pada infeksi HAV akut awal yang terkait dengan peningkatan kadar IgM anti-HAV atau infeksi HAV akut yang sembuh terkait dengan penurunan kadar IgM anti-HAV. Jika terindikasi secara klinis, pengujian ulang dalam 2 sampai 4 minggu dapat membantu untuk menentukan status infeksi HAV definitif.

Hasil Positif (tanda abnormal):

Hasil positif menunjukkan infeksi virus hepatitis A (HAV) akut atau baru terjadi (<6 bulan).

 

Berikut hasil nilai laboratorium:

  • Negatif <0,90. IgM anti-HAV tidak terdeteksi. Tidak menutup kemungkinan terpapar atau terinfeksi virus hepatitis A
  • Zona abu-abu 0.90-<1.10. Antibodi terhadap IgM anti-HAV mungkin ada atau tidak ada. Pasien dengan spesimen yang menunjukkan hasil tes zona abu-abu harus diuji ulang dalam 2 minggu, jika ada indikasi klinis
  • Positif >1,10. Bukti dugaan infeksi HAV.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Bila didapatkan hasil positif atau hasil selain negatif, sebaiknya segera berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam untuk dilakukan pengobatan yang sesuai dengan gejala.

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Hasil pemeriksaan anti HAV pada orang dewasa dapat dikonsultasikan dengan dokter umum, untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan ataupun memulai terapi untuk diagnosis yang sesuai. Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter penyakit dalam atau konsultan hepatologi untuk berdiskusi mengenai masalah hepatitis lebih jauh. Pada pasien anak, hasil pemeriksaan selain normal harus dikonsultasikan dengan dokter spesialis anak.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Lovira Ai Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 27 Juli 2023 | 04:32

Mayo Clinic Laboratories - Hepatitis A IgM, Antibody (2020). Retrieved 8 May 2023, from https://microbiology.testcatalog.org/show/HAIGM

University of Iowa - Hepatitis A Antibody-IgM (2021). Retrieved 8 May 2023, from https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/handbook/test988.html

University of Michigan Medicine - Hepatitis A Antibody, IgG, IgM (2021). Retrieved 8 May 2023, from https://mlabs.umich.edu/tests/hepatitis-antibody-igg-igm

University of Rochester - Hepatitis A Antibody (2021). Retrieved 8 May 2023, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=hepatitis_a_antibody

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.54msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 44 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 44
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6499 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6499
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2652 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2652
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6988 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6988
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10128 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10128
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4509 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4509
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7498 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7498
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5111 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5111
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7243 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7243
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7747 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7747
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.27msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6285 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6285
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.24msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    149Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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