Imunofiksasi

Imunofiksasi
Pemeriksaan immunofiksasi digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi protein yang disebut sebagai immunoglobulin dalam darah.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Protein merupakan bagian penting bagi tubuh dalam membangun jaringan dan sel seperti menyediakan energi untuk tubuh, membangun ulang otot dan mendukung sistem imun. Terdapat dua tipe protein di dalam darah, yaitu albumin dan globulin. Albumin dihasilkan di hati dan terakumulasi sekitar 60% protein di dalam darah, sedangkan globulin merupakan istilah yang mengacu pada protein lain selain albumin kecuali antibodi dan beberapa protein komplemen.

Imunoglobulin (Ig) dikenal sebagai antibodi, merupakan protein yang memiliki fungsi untuk melindungi tubuh melawan penyakit. Imunoglobulin juga terdiri dari berbagai tipe. Pemeriksaan imunofiksasi digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi protein yang disebut sebagai imunoglobulin dalam darah. Pemeriksaan ini bertujuan memisahkan protein tersebut ke dalam kelompok tertentu berdasarkan ukuran dan pelepasan elektronnya. Adapun kelompok tersebut seperti albumin, alfa 1 globulin, alfa 2 globulin, beta globulin, dan gamma globulin.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk membantu diagnosis atau mengawasi kondisi protein yang dihasilkan tidak normal atau kehilangan protein. Dokter juga akan menyarankan pemeriksaan ini bila:

  • Hasil pemeriksaan yang tidak normal pada nilai total protein, albumin, atau pemeriksaan darah imunoglobulin
  • Riwayat penyakit multiple myeloma atau waldenstorm macroglobulinemia
  • Amiloidosis
  • Limfoma
  • Leukimia limfatik kronis

 

Kontraindikasi

Pemeriksaan imunofiksasi dapat dianggap aman dan risiko terkait sedang. Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan  Imunofiksasi. Bila Anda sebelumnya telah melakukan pemeriksaan darah, pemeriksaan ini serupa dengan proses pengambilan sampel darah. Diskusikan dengan dokter terkait prosedur pemeriksaan yang dilakukan.

 

Persiapan sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan imunofiksasi. Pemeriksaan ini tidak mewajibkan Anda puasa sebelumnya. Informaskan pada dokter terkait kondisi medis, obat-obatan dan vitamin yang Anda konsumsi. Pastikan kondisi anda terhidrasi, tenang dan tidak stres.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan imunofiksasi menggunakan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan mengambil sedikit darah dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada tumit. Permukaan kulit akan dibersihkan dengan alcohol swab dan diikat dengan alat khusus (tourniquet) pada area lengan untuk memberikan tekanan dan menyebabkan bendungan aliran darah pada pembuluh darah. Jarum mengambil sampel akan dimasukkan melalui pembuluh darah dan darah akan diambil masuk ke dalam vial atau syringe. Setelah prosedur, tourniquet dilepaskan dan bekas area pengambilan darah akan ditutup dengan perban untuk menghentikan pendarahan.

Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium pada mesin khusus. Bergantung bagaimana metode pemeriksaan pada laboratorium pemeriksaan Anda, pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu sehari untuk mendapatkan hasil. Risiko pemeriksaan ini cukup minimal. Beberapa orang merasakan nyeri, pusing, dan memar setelah pengambilan darah. Namun, hal ini biasanya hilang dengan cepat. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini cukup sederhana dan biasanya akan memakan waktu hingga 10 menit untuk mengambil darah darah dan merapikannya.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal pemeriksaan imunofiksasi ditunjukkan dengan nilai negatif atau masuk dalam rentang normal, sedangkan nilai abnormal dengan menunjukkan nilai positif atau terlalu tinggi atau terlalu rendah.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Beberapa faktor mungkin dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan. Beberapa faktor tersebut seperti riwayat kesehatan keluarga, usia, metode yang digunakan dan jenis kelamin.

Jika hasil pemeriksaan nilainya terlalu tinggi, dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti dehidrasi, gangguan hati, gangguan inflamasi (suatu kondisi dimana sistem imunitas tubuh menyerang jaringan sehat secara disengaja) - rheumatoid arthritis atau penyakit Crohn, gangguan ginjal, kolesterol tinggi, anemia kekurangan zat besi, multiple myeloma, limfoma, dan infeksi khusus.

Pada hasil pemeriksaan yang terlalu rendah dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa kondisi seperti gangguan hati, gangguan ginjal, dan gangguan autoimun tertentu.

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil pemeriksaan imunofiksasi menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai. Dokter akan segera menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk menentukan pengobatan yang dapat diberikan.

Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam sehingga didapatkan penanganan dan terapi yang tepat. Dokter mungkin akan menyarankan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan diagnosis Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 18 Oktober 2023 | 05:23

Immunofixation (IFE) Blood Test. (2021). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/

Immunofixation. (2023). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2086976-overview

Immunofixation (Blood). (2023). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=immunofixation_blood

What is a Serum Immunofixation Test?. (2021). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-serum-immunofixation-test

Protein Electrophoresis, Immunofixation Electrophoresis. (2021). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/protein-electrophoresis-immunofixation-electrophoresis/

Serum Immunofixation Test. (2018). Retrieved 11 July 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/health/immunofixation-serum 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3822 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3822
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1294 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1294
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9087 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9087
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6680 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6680
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9924 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9924
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1115 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1115
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 3
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7243 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7243
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7747 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7747
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7731 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6285 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6285
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    144Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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