Cholinesterase

Cholinesterase
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Definisi

Cholinesterase merupakan enzim yang berfungsi membantu sistem saraf agar bekerja dengan baik. Enzim ini memiliki 2 tipe yang ditemukan dalam tubuh, yaitu asetilkolinesterase dan pseudokolinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase). Asetilkolinesterase ditemukan pada sel darah merah termasuk dalam paru-paru, limpa, ujung saraf dan bagian abu-abu pada otak. Sedangkan pseudokolinesterase ditemukan dalam serum darah, hati, otot, pankreas, dan bagian putih pada otak.

Asetiklolinesterase berperan dalam pengiriman sinyal oleh saraf dengan memecah asetilkolin (senyawa yang membantu mengirimkan sinyal pada bagian ujung saraf). Penurunan aktivitas enzim asetikolinesterase mengakibatkan asetilkolin berlebih pada bagian ujung saraf yang menyebabkan stimulasi berlebihan pada saraf. Pseudokolinesterase lebih banyak terlibat pada proses dan metabolisme obat. Pemeriksaan kolinesterase mengukur aktivitas kedua enzim tersebut.

Beberapa senyara seperti organofosfat dan karbamat yang biasanya ditemukan pada insektisida yang digunakan di lapangan atau obat semprot serangga dapat memengaruhi proses kedua enzim tersebut. Bila senyawa tersebut masuk ke dalam tubuh dapat memengaruhi pernapasan dan menyebabkan kelemahan otot.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan ini biasanya dilakukan terutama pada orang dengan pekerjaan yang melibatkan komponen organofosfat seperti pertanian atau industri kimia yang memerlukan pemantauan rutin untuk menghindari paparan berlebih ketika batas aman telah ditentukan.

Pemeriksaan kolinesterase dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa paparan akut dari komponen organofosfat yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf dan otot (neuromuskular). Keracunan tersebut dapat terjadi karena adanya penyerapan yang lebih cepat pada paru-paru, kulit atau saluran cerna. Beberapa gejala keracunan tersebut, seperti:

  • pusing
  • mual
  • keluar air mata
  • keringat berlebihan
  • diare
  • pandangan kabur
  • kelemahan atau kejang otot
  • pernapasan yang lambat

Selain yang telah disebutkan di atas, efek keracunan pada kondisi serius dapat terjadi kejang, koma dan kematian. Pemeriksaan ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko seseorang mengalami post operative paralysis pada pasien yang menjalani operasi khusus dengan obat bius tertentu.

 

Kontraindikasi

Pemeriksaan kolinesterase tidak memiliki kontraindikasi khusus. Pastikan kondisi Anda terhidrasi, tenang dan tidak stres.

 

Persiapan sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan kolinesterase. Bila Anda menjalani pemeriksaan lain, maka Anda akan diminta untuk berpuasa (tidak makan) beberapa jam sebelum pemeriksaan dilakukan. Beberapa obat dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan sehingga sebaiknya informasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengonsumsi obat atau makanan tertentu yang dapat memengaruhi pemeriksaan.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan kolinesterase menggunakan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan membersihkan lengan Anda dengan alcohol swab dan mengambil sedikit darah dari pembuluh vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada tumit. Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium menggunakan mesin khusus. Pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu satu hari untuk mendapatkan hasilnya.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal dari pemeriksaan analisa kolinesterase pada nilai 8 dan 18 unit per mililiter (U/mL) atau 8 dan 18 kilounit per liter (kU/L). Namun, hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh usia, ras, jenis kelamin dan dimana laboratorium pemeriksaan Anda dilakukan.

Nilai abnormal seperti nilai kolinesterase yang lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi dari nilai normal. Faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan, seperti gejala dan lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan nilai abnormal seperti ketinggian tanah, diet, olahraga dan jenis obat yang dikonsumsi.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Normal

Bila hasil analisa kolinesterase Anda masuk ke dalam rentang normal, hal ini menunjukkan hasil yang normal. Pertahankan kesehatan Anda dengan mengonsumsi gizi yang seimbang, aktivitas fisik yang cukup, dan lakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin. Diskusikan dengan dokter terkait hasil pemeriksaan Anda karena mungkin ada pertimbangan atau pemeriksaan lain yang disarankan .

Rendah

Bila hasil pemeriksaan kolinesterase anda lebih rendah dari batas bawah rentang normal, hal ini dapat menunjukkan beberapa hal seperti infeksi kronis, malnutrisi kronis, serangan jantung, kerusakan hati, metastasis, kerusakan pada jaundice, keracunan dari organofosfat, inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit lain.

Adanya sedikit penurunan nilai juga dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi tertentu seperti kehamilan dan penggunaan pil KB. Pada beberapa laboratorium, tanda keracunan dapat muncul pada rentang 40-80% dari normal. Diskusikan kembali dengan dokter anda terkait hasil pemeriksaan yang telah Anda terima untuk penanganan maupun pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. 

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil pemeriksaan kolinesterase Anda tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai. Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter penyakit dalam terkait kondisi Anda. Dokter mungkin akan merekomendasikan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan tergantung dari hasil pemeriksaan.

Beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan yang mungkin disarankan seperti pemeriksaan obat, pemeriksaan darah lengkap, pemeriksaan panel elektrolit dan kultur darah. Pengobatan yang diberikan bergantung pada penyebab dari nilai abormal yang diterima. Diskusikan dengan dokter terkait pengobatan yang paling tepat untuk Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 29 September 2023 | 05:29

Cholinesterase - Blood. (2023). Retrieved 09 May 2023, from https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/cholinesterase---blood

Cholinesterase Tests. (2021). Retrieved 09 May 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/cholinesterase-test/

Cholinesterase - Blood. (2021). Retrieved 09 May 2023, from https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/cholinesterase-blood

Cholinesterase (Blood). (2023). Retrieved 09 May 2023, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?conatenttypeid=167&contentid=cholinesterase_blood

Cholinesterase. (2023). Retrieved 09 May 2023, from https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/services/pathology/tests/cholinesterase/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7120
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4185 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4185
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4342 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4342
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9672 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9672
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9374
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1993
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.39msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1998 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1998
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2085
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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