Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole

Bagikan :


Brand/nama lain

A-Be, Anfuhex, Cidaral, Dandrufin, Dericazole, Dexazol, Dezor, Dysfungal, Erazol, Etafungal, Fexazol, Formyco, Fungasol, Fungoral, Grazol, Interzol, Kanazol, Ketomed, Zumarol, Zoralin, Wizol, Tokasid, Thicazol, Sporex, Solinfec, Pronazol, Profungal, Picamic, Omegzol, Nofung, Mycoral, Mycoderm, Muzoral, Murazid, Lusanoc, Lamycos, Ketomed

 

Cara Kerja

Ketoconazole merupakan obat antijamur yang bekerja dengan cara merusak dinding pertahanan pada sel jamur. Hal ini terjadi melalui proses hambatan dari pembentukan bahan ergosterol yang menjadi pondasi membran bagi sel jamur. Dengan mengganggu sel jamur tersebut, maka pertumbuhan jamur menjadi terhambat dan akhirnya sel jamur yang menyebabkan infeksi akan mengalami kematian.

 

Indikasi

Kondisi medis berupa infeksi jamur di kulit, misalnya panu atau kurap. Selain itu, obat ini juga bisa digunakan pada infeksi jamur sistemik di dalam tubuh, misalnya infeksi kandidiasis yang disebabkan jamur jenis Candida, atau hiptoplasmosis yang disebabkan jamur jenis histoplasma.

 

Kontraindikasi

Kontraindikasi penggunaan ketoconazole berupa:

  • Riwayat hipersenstivitas atau alergi terhadap ketoconazole (misalnya biduran atau bengkak pada kelopak mata)
  • Terdapat gangguan fungsi liver
  • Wanita hamil yang mengalami sindrom cushing, dan wanita menyusui
  • Penggunaan ketoconazole tidak boleh bersamaan dengan terfenadine atau astemizol

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping umumnya jarang terjadi. Meskipun demikian, ada beberapa efek samping yang mungkin terjadi, misalnya rasa sensasi terbakar pada area setempat, biduran, muncul lenting-lenting, gatal, kulit terkelupas, kemerahan, bengkak, nyeri, mual, muntah, sakit perut, sakit kepala, kerusakan liver, kebotakan, dan pusing berputar.

 

Sediaan

Bentuk sediaan ketoconazole yang ada saat ini adalah sebagai berikut

  • Krim
  • Sampo
  • Gel
  • Lotion
  • Tablet 200 mg (termasuk golongan obat keras)

 

Dosis

Tujuan: mengobati infeksi jamur sistemik (sediaan tablet)

  • Dosis dewasa: 200 mg, sekali sehari, dapat dinaikkan menjadi 400 mg sekali sehari apabila respon klinis tidak menunjukkan perbaikan, digunakan hingga infeksi jamur tidak ada.
  • Dosis anak: untuk usia > 2 tahun, dosis 3,3 – 6,6 mg/kgBB sekali sehari digunakan hingga infeksi jamur tidak ada.

Tujuan: mengobati infeksi jamur pada kulit

Dosis dewasa:

  • Sediaan krim: dioleskan pada area yang terinfeksi sebanyak 1 – 2 kali sehari selama 2 – 6 minggu dilanjutkan hingga beberapa hari setelah gejala sudah tidak ada.
  • Sediaan sampo: dioleskan pada kulit kepala yang telah dibasahkan sekali sehari selama maksimal 5 hari.

 

Keamanan

Kehamilan:

Termasuk FDA kategori C (terdapat penelitian pada hewan uji coba yang menunjukkan adanya efek samping pada janin namun tidak ada penelitian terkontrol baik dan memadai pada manusia) sehingga potensi manfaat dan risiko obat perlu dipertimbangkan dan digunakan dengan hati-hati pada ibu hamil.

 

Interaksi Obat

Obat-obatan penurun kolesterol (simvastatin)

Penggunaan obat simvastatin dan ketoconazole secara bersamaan dapat memiliki potensi interaksi obat dan memiliki efek peningkatan risiko untuk terjadinya gangguan otot. Gangguan yang dapat timbul pada otot berupa rabdomiolisis (serat-serat otot mulai pecah dan beredar di darah) sehingga penggunaannya perlu kewaspadaan khusus dan di bawah pengawasan dokter.

Writer : dr Apri Haryono Hafid
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 22 Februari 2022 | 03:30

Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Ketokonazol. Available from: https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/ketokonazol

Mims Indonesia. Ketoconazole. Available from: https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/ketoconazole?mtype=generic

Sinawe H, Casadesus D. Ketoconazole. [Updated 2021 Jun 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559221/

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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