Clonazepam

Clonazepam
Tablet clonazepam 2 mg.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Nama dagang dari obat ini adalah Riklona 2 dan Rivotril.

 

Cara Kerja

Clonazepam adalah obat golongan benzodiazepin dengan potensi obat yang tinggi. Obat ini bekerja dengan mengurangi aktivitas listrik yang tidak normal atau berlebihan di otak, sehingga menenangkan otak dan saraf. Clonazepam memiliki efek anti kejang serta ansiolitik (mengurangi kecemasan).

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan sebagai pengobatan pada penyakit:

  • Kejang dan epilepsi
  • Gangguan panik
  • Gangguan tidur insomnia
  • Gangguan tidur fase REM
  • Sindrom kaki gelisah (rasa yang tidak bisa ditahan untuk menggerakkan kaki, terutama di malam hari)

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis membuat obat ini tidak boleh diberikan, yaitu:

  • Penyakit mata glaukoma sudut tertutup
  • Insufisiensi paru berat (organ paru tidak bisa mengambil oksigen atau mengeluarkan karbon dioksida yang cukup)
  • Sleep apnea (henti napas sejenak ketika tidur)
  • Myastenia gravis (kelemahan otot tubuh yang langka karena gangguan saraf dan otot)
  • Koma
  • Gangguan organ hati
  • Memiliki alergi pada clonazepam
  • Pasien dengan riwayat penyalahgunaan obat atau alkohol

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping umum yang bisa terjadi dari clonazepam adalah:

  • Kelelahan dan lesu
  • Mengantuk
  • Gangguan koordinasi tubuh
  • Gangguan keseimbangan tubuh
  • Pusing
  • Pandangan kabur
  • Mudah marah
  • Peningkatan produksi air liur
  • Motivasi berkurang

Terdapat beberapa efek samping yang jarang terjadi, namun penting untuk disampaikan pada dokter Anda bila Anda mengalami gejala berikut, yaitu:

  • Reaksi paradoks (rasa gembira yang berlebihan, marah, serta melakukan tindakan yang impulsif)
  • Depresi
  • Adanya keinginan bunuh diri
  • Gejala psikosis (halusinasi, delusi, dll.)
  • Inkontinensia urine (sulit untuk menahan keinginan BAK)
  • Gangguan fungsi seksual

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet salut selaput 2 mg.

 

Dosis

Epilepsi

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis awal 1 mg/hari diminum pada malam hari selama 4 hari.
    • Dosis bisa ditingkatkan bertahap selama 2-4 minggu, dosis per hari 4-8 mg.
    • Dosis maksimal 20 mg perhari.
  • Lansia
    • Dosis dimulai dari 0,5 mg per hari.
    • Dosis dinaikkan bertahap dalam waktu 2-4 minggu, dosis pemeliharaan per hari 4-8 mg.
  • Anak < 10 tahun atau BB <30 kg
    • Dosis awal 0,01-0,03 mg/kgBB per hari dalam 2-3 dosis terbagi.
    • Dosis bisa ditingkatkan setiap 3 hari hingga terkontrol.
    • Dosis pemeliharaan 0,1-0,2 mg/kgBB per hari, dalam 3 dosis terbagi.
    • Dosis maksimal 0,2 mg/kgBB per hari.

Gangguan panik

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis awal 0,25 mg per hari.
    • Dosis dapat dinaikkan menjadi 1 mg per hari setelah 3 hari pengobatan.
    • Dosis maksimal 4 mg per harinya.
  • Lansia
    • Dosis dimulai dari dosis rendah dan dilihat respon pasien terhadap pengobatan.

 

Keamanan

Keamanan obat ini pada kehamilan masuk kategori D. Obat ini terbukti memberikan dampak buruk terhadap janin manusia, sehingga lebih baik diberikan jika manfaat yang diperoleh dari obat ini lebih besar dibandingkan risiko yang akan terjadi. Clonazepam dapat masuk ke dalam ASI, sehingga penggunaan obat ini pada ibu menyusui sebaiknya dihindari.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penekanan sistem saraf pusat jika clonazepam diberikan dengan obat lain seperti:
    • Anti kejang lain
    • Anti depresan (golongan trisiklik, MAOI, barbiturat)
    • Anti alergi
    • Anti psikotik
    • Obat anastesi (bius)
    • Obat pereda kecemasan
  • Kadar obat anti kejang fenitoin dapat menurun dalam darah jika berinteraksi dengan clonazepam.
  • Penggunaan bersama obat lambung (cimetidine) dan anti jamur (flukonazol) dapat menganggu metabolisme clonazepam di tubuh.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 21:05

Basit, H., & Kahwaji, CH. (2022). Clonazepam (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing.

Clonazepam – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 2 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/clonazepam?mtype=generic

Clonazepam – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 2 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682279.html

Clonazepam-Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 2 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-14403-6006/clonazepam-oral/clonazepam-oral/details

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8588 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8588
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.27msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2172 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2172
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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