Apa itu Freckles (Bintik Kecokelatan di Wajah) dan Penyebabnya

Apa itu Freckles (Bintik Kecokelatan di Wajah) dan Penyebabnya
Ilustrasi kulit yang sehat. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Freckles adalah bintik-bintik kecil berwarna kecokelatan yang biasanya muncul di area kulit yang terpapar sinar matahari. Freckles juga lebih mungkin muncul pada orang dengan kulit berwarna terang serta berambut pirang atau merah, walaupun bintik ini bisa terjadi pada siapa saja. Bintik-bintik ini bisa muncul selama masa kanak-kanak dan berlanjut hingga usia dewasa.

Freckles sebenarnya tidak berbahaya dan tidak menyakitkan. Namun, bagi beberapa orang freckles menimbulkan masalah estetika. Ketahui apa penyebab munculnya bintik-bintik ini dan jenis-jenis freckles.

 

Mengenal Penyebab Freckles

Freckles atau bintik-bintik datar dan kecil, umumnya berwarna kecoklatan tapi bisa juga berwarna merah, kuning atau hitam. Freckles sebagian besar merupakan hasil dari produksi melanin yang berlebihan. Melanin sendiri adalah pigmen yang memberikan warna pada rambut, kulit dan mata.

Melanin diproduksi oleh sel kulit yang disebut melanosit. Fungsi dari melanin adalah melindungi kulit dari kerusakan akibat sinar UV dengan menyerap dan memantulkan sinar tersebut.

Saat kulit terpapar sinar matahari, melanosit bereaksi dengan memproduksi lebih banyak melanin. Melanin kemudian akan menyerap cahaya dari sinar UV dan mendistribusikannya ke lapisan atas kulit. Melanosit pada individu dengan kulit berwarna cerah cenderung memproduksi lebih banyak melanin saat terpapar sinar matahari. Dibandingkan warna kulit yang menjadi lebih tan, akan terbentuk bintik-bintik kulit di wajah atau area yang sering terpapar sinar matahari.

 

Jenis-Jenis Freckles

Freckles dibedakan menjadi dua, antara lain:

Ephelides

Ephelides adalah bintik-bintik kecil datar berwarna merah atau kecokelatan yang sering muncul di wajah, punggung tangan, leher dan bagian atas tubuh. Penyebab utama Ephelides adalah paparan sinar matahari langsung. 

Bintik ephelides umumnya berukuran 1-2 mm. Individu dengan warna rambut dan kulit yang terang lebih mungkin mengalami ephelides. Bintik-bintik kecokelatan ini juga cenderung muncul pada anak kecil yang sering terpapar sinar matahari langsung.

Bintik-bintik tersebut akan terus berkembang hingga usia dewasa muda dan akan memudar seiring penuaan. Ephelides juga akan memudar pada musim dingin atau penghujan.

Baca Juga: 5 Kebiasaan yang Ternyata Tidak Sehat Bagi Kulit

Solar lentigo 

Solar lentigo adalah bintik-bintik di kulit yang memiliki warna kuning, merah hingga cokelat gelap. Bintik-bintik ini biasanya muncul pada orang dewasa di atas usia 40 tahun.

Penyebab utama solar lentigo adalah paparan sinar matahari berulang dalam jangka waktu lama. Bintik-bintiknya bisa ditemukan di area kulit yang terbuka seperti wajah, lengan bawah, punggung tangan, dada, punggung, bahu, dan tungkai bawah. Tidak seperti ephelides, bintik pada solar lentigo umumnya lebih gelap dan tidak memudar pada musim dingin.

Baca Juga: Cara Melindungi Kulit di Tengah Cuaca Panas

Freckles bisa dipudarkan dengan penggunaan krim khusus, laser, peeling kimia, photofacial maupun krioterapi. Periksakan diri dan konsultasikan dengan dokter apabila Anda ingin agar freckles yang dimiliki bisa diatasi.

Terkait keluhan atau permasalahan kulit lainnya, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 30 November 2023 | 08:30

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Freckles (Ephelides and Solar Lentigines). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23091-freckles 

Gary W. Cole, MD, FAAD (2023). Freckles. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/freckles/article.htm 

Elizabeth Connor (2023). What Are Freckles, Why Do They Appear, and More. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/what-are-freckles 

Stephanie Booth (2023). Freckles. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/freckles-skin-spots 

Renee Straub (2019). Ephelides (freckles). Available from: https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/ephelides-freckles/ 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Melanin. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22615-melanin 

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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