Apa Saja Penyebab Penumpukan Plak di Pembuluh Darah?

Apa Saja Penyebab Penumpukan Plak di Pembuluh Darah?
Credit: Freepik. Penumpukan plak pada pembuluh darah dapat menyebabkan serangan jantung.

Bagikan :


Pembuluh darah yang sehat adalah pembuluh darah yang elastis dan lentur sehingga mudah mengalirkan darah. Adanya plak atau sumbatan pada pembuluh darah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stroke, serangan jantung dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan penumpukan plak di pembuluh darah?

 

Penyebab Penumpukan Plak di Pembuluh Darah

Plak adalah campuran dari lemak, kalsium, kolesterol dan produk limbah lainnya dari tubuh. Ketika campuran ini terbentuk di pembuluh darah, pembuluh darah akan menebal, mengeras dan menyempit. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan aterosklerosis.

Ketika plak menumpuk di arteri, tubuh akan merespon dengan mengirimkan sel darah putih untuk mencerna kolesterol jahat yang kemudian berubah menjadi racun. Banyaknya sel darah putih yang tertarik ke daerah di mana perubahan itu terjadi, dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada dinding arteri.

Proses ini menyebabkan sel-sel otot di dinding pembuluh darah bertambah banyak, membentuk penutup di atas plak lunak. Jika plak lunak ini pecah, maka akan terbentuk gumpalan yang menghambat aliran darah ke organ tubuh.

Terbentuknya plak akibat kolesterol dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain:

  • Pola makan yang tidak sehat: Banyak mengonsumsi lemak jenuh dan lemak trans daat meningkatkan penumpukan lemak dan kolesterol jahat dalam darah
  • Kegemukan: Kelebihan berat badan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan trigliserida yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung
  • Kurang olahraga: Orang yang kurang olahraga cenderung memiliki kadar kolestreol tinggi
  • Usia dan jenis kelamin: Seiring bertambahnya usia, tingkat kolesterol cenderung meningkat. Pada perempuan menopause, kolesterol jahat cenderung mudah naik dan kolesterol baik dapat menurun.
  • Faktor keturunan: Orang yang memiliki keturunan kolesterol dan tekanan darah tinggi cenderung lebih mudah mengalami penumpukan plak dibandingkan orang yang tidak memiliki riwayat kolesterol dan hipertensi.
  • Kebiasaan merokok: Para perokok memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami penyempitan pembuluh darah akibat kolesterol dan tingginya tekanan darah.

 

Mengatasi Penumpukan Plak di Pembuluh Darah

Salah satu komplikasi utama dari penumpukan plak di pembuluh darah adalah risiko pecahnya sebagian plak. Jika ini terjadi, darah akan menggumpal sebagai reaksi alami tubuh. Namun pembekuan darah tersebut dapat menghalangi aliran darah melalui arteri.

Kurangnya aliran darah dapat membuat tubuh dan organ Anda kekurangan oksigen dan nutrisi penting yang dapat menyebabkan serangan jantung atau stroke.

Dilansir dari Verywell Health, beberapa cara untuk mengurangi risiko ateroslerosis akibat penumpukan plak antara lain:

Menerapkan Gaya Hidup Sehat

Mengonsumsi makanan yang berasal dari tumbuhan seperti buah-buahan, sayur dan biji-bijian dapat membantu meningkatkan aliran darah dan menurunkan risiko penyakit arteri koroner.

Memperbanyak makanan sehat seperti ikan, kacang-kacangan dan membatasi konsumsi daging merah, olahan susu serta wine dapat membantu membatasi asupan lemak yang masuk dan menjaga berat badan.

 

Rutin Berolahraga

Selain menjaga pola makan, olahraga rutin juga dapat membantu kesehatan jantung dan pembuluh darah. Anda dapat memulainya dengan melakukan olahraga rutin 3-4 kali per minggu minimal 30-40 menit per hari.

 

Minum Obat-Obatan

Tumpukan plak pada pembuluh darah tidak terbentuk hanya dalam 1-2 hari saja namun bertahun-tahun. Karenanya, tidak mudah mengikis plak di pembuluh darah hanya dengan perubahan gaya hidup. Dokter akan meresepkan obat-obatan untuk mempercepat penghancuran kolesterol dari plak.

 

Penumpukan plak pada pembuluh darah sering kali baru diketahui ketika Anda mengalami serangan jantung dan stroke. Sebagai langkah pencegahan, Anda dapat meminimalisir risiko penumpukan plak dengan menjaga pola makan, rutin berolahraga dan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan.

Apabila Anda memiliki kolesterol dan tekanan darah tinggi, konsultasikan dengan dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang sesuai. 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 13:08

Baker, M. (2022). What Causes Plaque in the Arteries?. Available from: https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/cholesterol/what-causes-plaque-in-arteries

Health Harvard. (2021). Can We Reduce Vascular Plaque Buildup?. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/can-we-reduce-vascular-plaque-buildup

Mayo Clinic. Coronary artery disease. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/can-we-reduce-vascular-plaque-buildup

 

Schiller, R. (2021). What Causes Plaque in the Arteries?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-of-plaque-in-arteries-5092306

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4349 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4349
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10119 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10119
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8892 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8892
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9348 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9348
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7869 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7869
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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