Mengenal Operasi Bypass Jantung untuk Penyakit Jantung

Mengenal Operasi Bypass Jantung untuk Penyakit Jantung
Ilustrasi alat medis yang dipakai selama prosedur. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Penyakit arteri koroner adalah salah satu penyakit jantung. Penyakit ini digambarkan sebagai adanya penyempitan atau penyumbatan arteri koroner yang terjadi karena penumpukan plak di dalam arteri jantung. Arteri koroner seharusnya bertugas memasok darah yang kaya nutrisi dan oksigen ke jantung. Dengan adanya penumpukan plak ini, maka jumlah darah yang dapat mencapai jantung terbatas.

Sebagai penyakit kronis, Anda mungkin tidak menyadari adanya gejala penyakit arteri koroner sampai kemudian mengalami serangan jantung. Penyakit arteri koroner atau disebut juga jantung koroner yang tidak diobati dan dibiarkan berkembang dapat menyebabkan aritmia jantung, henti jantung, syok kardiogenik dan juga gagal jantung.

 

Bagaimana Pengobatan Penyakit Arteri Koroner?

Penyakit arteri koroner dapat diobati dan diberi perawatan dengan prosedur bedah dan juga perubahan pola hidup sehat. Anda akan diminta berhenti merokok, mengubah pola makan yang sehat, berolahraga rutin, membatasi asupan alkohol, dan mengelola penyakit kronis lain yang dialami.

Pengobatan yang diberikan cenderung membantu mengelola kondisi yang menyertai, seperti obat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi, menurunkan kadar kolesterol, mengelola angina, dan menurunkan risiko penyumbatan pembuluh darah.

Sebagian orang mungkin membutuhkan prosedur pembedahan seperti operasi bypass jantung.

 

Apa Itu Operasi Bypass Jantung?

Operasi Bypass jantung adalah operasi untuk mengembalikan aliran darah ke area jantung yang tidak mendapatkan cukup darah. Operasi ini dapat meningkatkan fungsi jantung terutama ketika baru saja mengalami serangan jantung.

Operasi bypass jantung biasanya digunakan untuk mengobati serangan jantung dan penyakit arteri koroner. Operasi ini seringkali diberikan pada pasien jantung koroner, terutama dengan kondisi berikut:

  • Mengalami rasa sakit di dada yang parah yang disebabkan oleh penyumbatan arteri jantung
  • Ventrikel kiri jantung tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya
  • Ada penyumbatan di arteri koroner utama kiri
  • Pembuluh arteri mengalami penyempitan kembali, bahkan setelah mendapatkan prosedur bypass sebelumnya
  • Adanya penyumbatan baru pada jantung

Tidak semua pasien jantung koroner diobati dengan prosedur bypass, beberapa kondisi lain diatasi dengan prosedur angioplasti. Prosedur bypass jantung memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi.

 

Bagaimana Persiapan dan Prosedur Bypass Jantung?

  • Setelah berdiskusi dengan dokter, Anda akan diberi waktu 1 minggu untuk menghentikan semua obat yang berisiko menyebabkan pendarahan selama operasi dilakukan, termasuk aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen dan obat lainnya. Anda hanya boleh mengonsumsi obat yang telah ditentukan oleh dokter.
  • Anda akan diminta untuk berhenti merokok, dan segera menginformasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengalami flu, pilek, herpes atau penyakit lain sebelum menjalani prosedur bypass.
  • Prosedur bypass dilakukan setidaknya 3-6 jam, sehingga Anda akan dihubungkan dengan ventilator. Jantung akan dibuat berhenti sementara, dan dokter berusaha memperbaiki jantung dengan memotong bagian yang tersumbat dan menggantikan dengan jaringan dari bagian tubuh lain.
  • Begitu prosedur selesai dilakukan, dan jantung Anda dipastikan dapat memompa dengan mandiri kembali maka Anda akan dirawat di ruang ICU. Anda mungkin akan merasa sedikit rasa sakit dan tidak nyaman di dada 2-3 hari setelah operasi bypass dilakukan, namun obat anti nyeri akan membantu meringankan rasa nyerinya.

 

Risiko yang Terjadi Selama Bypass Jantung

Diharapkan dapat mengembalikan fungsi normal jantung, tentunya ada risiko yang bisa terjadi selama prosedur bypass dilakukan, di antaranya:

  • Pendarahan saat operasi
  • Infeksi saat operasi
  • Kematian saat operasi dilakukan

Setelah operasi, Anda juga berisiko terhadap:

  • Infeksi akibat luka, terutama bila Anda memiliki riwayat obesitas, diabetes atau pernah menjalani prosedur ini sebelumnya
  • Serangan jantung
  • Stroke
  • Gangguan irama jantung
  • Gagal ginjal
  • Gagal paru-paru
  • Depresi dan perubahan suasana hati
  • Demam ringan, kelelahan, rasa sakit di dada yang bisa dialami selama 6 bulan
  • Kehilangan sebagian ingatan

Setelah prosedur bypass dilakukan, kondisi kesehatan Anda akan dipantau sampai dapat kembali ke aktivitas semula. Anda mungkin harus menunda mengendarai kendaraan sendiri hingga setidaknya 4-6 minggu setelah prosedur pembedahan. Diskusikan dengan dokter Anda, kapan dapat kembali berolahraga, bekerja, dan melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 30 April 2024 | 09:16

WebMD (2022). Heart Bypass Surgery. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-bypass-surgery

Medline Plus (2022). Heart bypass surgery. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002946.htm

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16897-coronary-artery-bypass-surgery

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Coronary Artery Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new13.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9703 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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