Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that can pose a significant threat to one's health and well-being. This condition involves the act of self-imposed starvation, driven by the desire to lose weight. Typically, individuals with anorexia are at least 15% below their ideal weight. Such severe weight loss can result in a variety of health complications and, in extreme cases, even lead to death.

Signs and symptoms of anorexia, as reported by Everyday Health.

Physical Symptoms

• Extreme weight loss

• Below ideal body weight

• Constant fatigue

• Trouble falling or staying asleep

• Abnormal blood cell count

• Frequent dizziness or fainting spells

• Thinning and damaged hair

• Bluish discoloration of the fingers

• Dry, pale, or yellowish skin

• Irregular menstrual cycle

• Always feeling cold

• Chronic constipation

• Stomach pain

• Irregular heartbeat

• Low blood pressure

• Dehydration

• Swelling in the legs or arms

• Muscle weakness

• Memory problems

• Discoloration of teeth

• Calluses or sores on the hands

Behavioral Changes

• Obsession with food and weight

• Eating very little or not eating at all

• Refusing to eat in front of others

• Using diet pills or laxatives excessively

• Engaging in excessive exercise

• Emotional instability

• Isolation from family and friends

• Wearing multiple layers of clothing to conceal the body

• Frequently checking body weight

• Constant complaints about body fat

Causes of Anorexia

The exact cause of anorexia is not yet fully understood. However, researchers suggest that this disorder could be triggered by a combination of various personality traits, thought patterns, emotional issues, as well as biological and environmental factors. Low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, anger, and loneliness are all potential contributors to this condition. In addition, societal pressures related to body image and weight can play a significant role in the development of anorexia.

Treating Anorexia

Anorexia requires a long-term approach to treatment, as it often has psychological roots. While physical treatment to address the condition is essential, the psychological aspects must also be addressed. In severe cases, where dehydration, malnutrition, kidney failure, or abnormal heart rhythms occur, immediate life-saving treatments are prioritized.

Psychotherapy:

Psychotherapy is crucial in helping individuals with anorexia modify their thoughts and behaviors. This type of therapy is designed to rebuild self-confidence and reduce fears about weight and body image.

Oral Medications:

Medications like antidepressants are sometimes prescribed to help manage the anxiety and depression often associated with eating disorders. Certain antidepressants may also help with improving sleep quality and stimulating the appetite.

Nutritional Consultation:

Anorexia sufferers need to be educated on the importance of nutrition and its impact on the body. This education is vital to help them move away from avoiding food and start consuming it in amounts that meet their body's nutritional needs.

Family Therapy:

Anorexia treatment involves not only the patient but also their family and close friends. The support of loved ones is essential in providing constant encouragement and fostering a healing environment.

Inpatient Hospitalization:

Due to the potential for severe physical consequences, some individuals with anorexia may need inpatient care. This is particularly necessary when their health complications require immediate attention and stabilization.

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