5 Penyebab Munculnya Uban di Usia Muda

5 Penyebab Munculnya Uban di Usia Muda

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Munculnya uban sering dikaitkan dengan usia senja. Namun saat ini, banyak orang dewasa usia 20-an dan 30-an yang sudah memiliki uban. Normalkah fenomena tersebut dan apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya uban pada usia muda?

Penyebab timbulnya uban

Uban sering timbul pada orang yang memiliki pigmen rambut gelap. Kulit kepala memiliki folikel rambut, yaitu kantung kecil yang melapisi sel-sel kulit rambut. Folikel rambut memiliki sel pigmen yang disebut melanin yang memberi warna pada rambut Anda. Rambut akan berwarna lebih gelap jika eumelanin lebih banyak dari phenomelanin. Lambat laun folikel dapat kehilangan pigmen eumelanin sehingga menyebabkan rambut beruban. Kondisi kekurangan pigmen ini bukan hanya bisa dialami oleh orang tua saja, namun juga dapat dialami oleh dewasa.

Selain kekurangan pigmen, ada beberapa hal lain yang dapat menyebabkan rambut beruban di antaranya:

1. Genetik

Munculnya uban lebih dini utamanya disebabkan oleh genetik. Jika dalam riwayat keluarga ada yang pernah mengalami munculnya uban di usia muda, maka hal ini dapat memengaruhi munculnya uban lebih dini. Selain itu, ras dan etnis juga berpengaruh pada munculnya uban. Dalam sebuah studi disebutkan bahwa ras Asia dapat mengalami muncul uban di usia 25 tahun sedangkan ras Afrika-Amerika baru muncul uban di usia 30 tahun.

2. Stres

Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bagaimana stres dapat menyebabkan seserorang beruban di usia muda. Dilansir dari Healthline, selama ini peneliti menduga bahwa kortisol atau hormon stres inilah yang menyebabkan seseorang mengalami berbagai masalah kesehatan termasuk salah satunya beruban. Namun, penelitian menyebutkan bahwa sistem saraf simpatiklah yang memengaruhi folikel rambut sehingga dapat menyebabkan seseorang beruban.

Saat stres, tubuh mengeluarkan senyawa norepinephrine yang menyebabkan sel induk penghasil pigmen memproduksi pigmen sebelum waktunya dan menghabiskan cadangan pigmen rambut. Hanya dalam beberapa hari, sel induk regenerasi pigmen hilang dan tidak dapat diproduksi kembali. Inilah yang menyebabkan stres dapat memicu munculnya uban secara permanen.

3. Penyakit autoimun

Selain genetik dan stres, penyakit autoimun juga dapat menyebabkan seseorang beruban. Hal ini dapat terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang sel sehat dalam tubuh seperti pada kasus penyakit alopecia dan vitiligo. Pada alopecia, sistem imun tubuh menyerang folikel rambut dengan gejala utama rambut rontok. Sedangkan pada vitiligo, tubuh kehilangan sel penghasil pigmen sehingga muncul bercak putih di kulit termasuk pada rambut.

4. Gangguan tiroid

Adanya masalah hormon seperti hipertiroid dan hipotirod juga dapat menyebabkan timbulnya uban, namun gangguan ini umumnya bersifat sementara. Kelenjar tiroid yang hiperaktif atau kurang aktif juga dapat memengaruhi produksi melanin sehingga memengaruhi warna rambut.

5. Kekurangan vitamin B-12

Bagi Anda yang beruban dini, coba perhatikan lagi asupan nutrisi Anda. Kekurangan vitamin B-12 juga dapat menyebabkan timbulnya uban di usia muda. Orang yang kekurangan vitamin B-12 dapat mengakami pernicious anemia dimana tubuh kesulitan menyerap vitamin B-12 yang berakibat menurunnya kualitas sela darah merah. Sel darah merah yang sehat dapat mengantarkan oksigen lebih baik termasuk ke sel rambut. Kekurangan vitamin B-12 dapat melemahkan rambut dan memengaruhi produksi melanin.

 

Masalah uban umumnya tidak menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan serius, namun dapat menyebabkan Anda tidak percaya diri. Apabila munculnya uban disebabkan oleh gangguan tiroid dan autoimun Anda dapat memeriksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan penanganan. Sedangkan jika munculnya uban akibat stres atau kebiasaan merokok, hingga kini belum ada bukti ilmiah yang membuktikan bahwa pigmen rambut bisa kembali dengan metode pengobatan tertentu.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 22-Jul-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Taylor S, Higuera V. What Causes White Hair? (2018). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/white-hair.
  2. Harvard Health Publishing. Why does hair turn gray? (2020). Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/hair-turn-gray-2017091812226.
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6645 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6645
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6589 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6589
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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