Manfaat Mengonsumsi Vitamin D Saat Terinfeksi Covid-19

Manfaat Mengonsumsi Vitamin D Saat Terinfeksi Covid-19

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Selama ini vitamin D dikenal sebagai nutrisi untuk membantu pertumbuhan tulang dan menjaga tulang tetap sehat. Selain dari makanan dan suplemen, vitamin D bisa diperoleh lewat sinar matahari ketika Anda berjemur. Namun, ternyata vitamin D tidak hanya baik untuk kesehatan tulang saja, sebagai vitamin yang larut dalam lemak, vitamin D memegang peranan yang sangat penting bagi tubuh yaitu menjaga kesehatan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi vitamin D dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan membantu melindungi terhadap penyakit pernapasan secara umum. Dilansir healthline, pasien Covid-19 yang mendapatkan perawatan di rumah sakit dan mendapatkan asupan vitamin D yang cukup, cenderung bisa bertahan dan lolos dari kematian.

Secara umum, seperti dilansir medicalnewstoday inilah manfaat vitamin D bagi tubuh:

  •  Membantu menjaga kesehatan tulang dan gigi
  •  Menunjang sistem kekebalan tubuh, otak, dan sistem syaraf
  •  Mengatur kadar insulin dalam darah
  •  Menunjang fungsi paru-paru dan kesehatan jantung
  •  Mempengaruhi ekspresi gen terutama dalam hal pertumbuhan kanker

Kekurangan vitamin D

Meskipun tubuh dapat memproduksi vitamin D sendiri, namun jumlahnya tidak cukup untuk kebutuhan tubuh. Dilansir Cleveland Clinic, kebutuhan vitamin D manusia sebagai berikut:

Bayi usia 0-6 bulan 400 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 1.000 IU

Bayi usia 6-12 bulan 400 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 1.500 IU

Anak-anak usia 1-3 tahun 600 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 2.500 IU

Anak-anak usia 4-8 tahun 600 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 3.000 IU

Usia 9 tahun - 70 tahun 600 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 4.000 IU

Dewasa di atas 70 tahun 800 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 4.000 IU

Wanita usia 14-50 tahun,
wanita hamil dan menyusui 600 IU per hari, batas dosis harian 4.000 IU

Kekurangan vitamin D bisa menyebabkan banyak hal, pada anak-anak kekurangan vitamin D bisa menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan, nyeri otot dan tulang, kelemahan pada otot hingga kelainan pada bentuk persendian. Sedangkan pada orang dewasa, kekurangan vitamin D dapat menyebabkan kelelahan, nyeri tulang dan otot, kram otot, perubahan mood dan depresi.

Pada pasien Covid-19, kekurangan vitamin D dapat memicu munculnya badai sitokin. Sitokin sendiri sebenarnya adalah protein yang merupakan bagian dari sistem kekebalan tubuh. Sitokin memiliki efek pro-inflamasi dan anti-inflamasi serta membantu melindungi tubuh dari infeksi dan penyakit. Namun, ketika pasien Covid-19 mengalami badai sitokin, sitokin justru dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan tubuh akibat pelepasan sitokin yang tidak terkontrol. Kondisi ini kemudian diikuti oleh kegagalan beberapa organ dan sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut (ARDS) hingga kematian.

Sumber vitamin D dari makanan

Mendapatkan cukup sinar matahari bagi tubuh sangat penting untuk membantu tubuh memproduksi vitamin D, namun Anda juga bisa mendapatkan asupan vitamin D dari makanan seperti:

- Ikan laut dalam (salmon, makarel, tuna)
- Kuning telur
- Keju
- Hati sapi
- Jamur
- Susu fortifikasi
- Sereal dan jus fortifikasi

Selain makanan, Anda juga bisa memenuhi kebutuhan harian vitamin D lewat suplemen.

Efek samping

Konsumsi vitamin D yang melebih dosis yang direkomendasikan dapat memberikan efek samping dari yang ringan hingga berbahaya bagi tubuh. National Institute of Health (NIH), seperti dikutip dari medicalnewstoday menyarankan asupan vitamin D harian maksimal 4.000 IU agar tidak terjadi efek keracunan.

Kelebihan dosis vitamin D umumnya dapat menyebabkan sakit kepala, mual, kehilangan napsu makan, mulut kering, rasa logam pada lidah, muntah, sembelit atau diare.

Agar manfaatnya bisa diperoleh maksimal, cukupi kebutuhan harian vitamin D sesuai dosis.

 

Writer: Agatha

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 13-Sep-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Ware M. What are the health benefits of vitamin D? (2019). Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161618.
  2. Cleveland Clinic. Vitamin D Deficiency (2019). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15050-vitamin-d--vitamin-d-deficiency.
  3. Smith MW. What to Know About Vitamin D and COVID-19 (2021). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/vitamin-d-covid-19-what-to-know#1.
  4. Kubala J. Can Vitamin D Lower Your Risk of COVID-19? (2020). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-d-coronavirus#does-it-protect-against-covid-19.
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3894 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3894
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        #12025-04-17 16:54:46GET/covid-19/manfaat-mengonsumsi-vitamin-d-saat-terinfeksi-covid-192102531