Berbagai Penyebab Mimisan dan Cara Menghentikannya

Berbagai Penyebab Mimisan dan Cara Menghentikannya
Credits: Freepik

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Mimisan adalah pendarahan kecil akibat pecahnya pembuluh darah dari jaringan yang melapisi bagian dalam hidung. Mimisan disebut juga epistaksis, yang sebagian besar tidak berbahaya dan bisa diatasi sendiri di rumah.

Anak-anak berusia 2-10 tahun, orang dewasa berusia 45 tahun-65 tahun, wanita hamil, orang yang mengonsumsi obat pengencer darah atau orang yang memiliki gangguan pembekuan darah adalah yang paling sering mengalami mimisan.

Adapun penyebab utamanya adalah udara kering yang menyebabkan kekeringan pada jaringan lunak di dalam hidung. Ketika jaringan tersebut kering, maka pembuluh darah mudah pecah bila terkena gesekan atau aliran udara keras di hidung.

 

Inilah Berbagai Penyebab Mimisan yang Paling Sering Ditemukan

Sebagian besar penyebab mimisan bukanlah hal yang berbahaya, bahkan mungkin adalah ketidaksengajaan, di antaranya:

  • Kebiasaan mengupil (mengorek lubang hidung)
  • Sedang mengalami sinusitis
  • Terlalu keras saat membuang ingus
  • Memasukkan benda ke dalam lubang hidung
  • Mengalami cedera benturan pada hidung
  • Mengalami rhinitis alergi atau non alergi
  • Mengonsumsi obat yang berisiko mengencerkan darah seperti aspirin, obat antiradang non steroid, dan warfarin
  • Mengonsumsi kokain atau obat terlarang lain melalui hidung
  • Mengalami iritasi bahan kimia akibat menghirup cairan pembersih yang kuat, atau asap di tempat kerja
  • Berada di ketinggian tertentu
  • Mengalami kelainan septum (dinding pembatas hidung) 
  • Penggunaan semprot hidung atau obat tertentu untuk mengobati gatal, hidung tersumbat, atau hidung berair

Mimisan juga terkadang disebabkan oleh beberapa kondisi kesehatan tertentu, di antaranya:

  • Gangguan pendarahan seperti hemofilia, penyakit von Willebrand, leukimia
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Aterosklerosis (penyumbatan pembuluh arteri akibat adanya plak)
  • Pembedahan saluran hidung atau wajah
  • Tumor hidung
  • Polip hidung
  • Trombositopenia (penurunan jumlah keping darah)
  • Kehamilan
  • Telangiektasia hemoragik 

 

Cara Menghentikan Pendarahan Mimisan

Anda perlu bersikap tenang ketika mimisan terjadi. Rilekskan tubuh dan lakukan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Duduk dengan posisi tegak dan condongkan kepala sedikit ke depan untuk mencegah darah mengalir ke tenggorokan
  • Ubah pernapasan melalui mulut, jangan gunakan hidung
  • Gunakan tisu atau handuk untuk menampung darah yang keluar
  • Gunakan jari untuk memencet bagian lunak hidung. Tekanan ini akan membantu menghentikan pendarahan
  • Amati waktu pendarahan sambil tetap memencet hidung, setelah 5 menit berlalu coba periksa apakah masih ada darah yang keluar. Bila masih ada, lanjutkan memencet hidung hingga 10 menit dan periksa kembali
  • Anda juga bisa mengompres hidung dengan es untuk membantu memperlambat pendarahan

Setelah darah tidak lagi keluar, jangan terburu-buru membungkuk atau mengangkat sesuatu yang berat. Hindari pula menggosok, mengupil, atau mengeluarkan ingus dari hidung selama beberapa hari.

Walaupun seringkali bukan sesuatu yang berbahaya, bila mimisan sering terjadi maka bisa jadi ini adalah pertanda kondisi tertentu. Periksakan diri ke dokter apabila Anda seringkali mengalami mimisan, mimisan tidak berhenti setelah 15-20 menit, darah yang keluar dari hidung sangat banyak, mimisan menyebabkan Anda kesulitan bernapas, mimisan menyebabkan Anda mual akibat menelan terlalu banyak darah, atau mimisan terjadi setelah jatuh atau mengalami kecelakaan.

Mimisan pada anak berusia di bawah 2 tahun sebaiknya tidak diberikan perawatan di rumah. Bantu menghentikan mimisan dan segera bawa anak untuk diperiksa di rumah sakit.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:11

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Nosebleed (Epistaxis). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13464-nosebleed-epistaxis

Better Health Channel. Nosebleeds. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/nosebleeds

Mayo Clinic (2020). Nosebleeds: First aid. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-nosebleeds/basics/art-20056683

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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