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  • Mengenal Dry Drowning, Komplikasi Tenggelam yang Bisa Terjadi pada Anak-Anak

Mengenal Dry Drowning, Komplikasi Tenggelam yang Bisa Terjadi pada Anak-Anak

Mengenal Dry Drowning, Komplikasi Tenggelam yang Bisa Terjadi pada Anak-Anak
Credit: Unsplash

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Tenggelam merupakan peristiwa yang bisa dialami siapa saja, termasuk orang yang mahir berenang. Tenggelam dapat menyebabkan korban kesulitan bernapas bahkan setelah keluar dari permukaan air. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan nama dry drowning dan berisiko dialami anak-anak.

 

Apa itu Dry Drowning?

Pernahkah Anda mendengar istilah dry drowning? Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, sebenarnya dry drowning bukanlah istilah medis. Namun, istilah dry drowning kerap digunakan untuk menyebut komplikasi langka yang dapat terjadi setelah tenggelam dan lebih sering dialami anak-anak. Selain dry drowning, ada juga istilah secondary drowning yang menggambarkan tahapan komplikasi tenggelam.

Dry drowning dan secondary drowning merupakan kondisi gangguan akibat cedera di bawah permukaan air. Dry drowning adalah kondisi gangguan pernapasan akibat masuknya air ke saluran napas melalui mulut atau hidung. Pada dry drowning, air tidak masuk ke paru-paru namun dapat menyebabkan kejang pada saluran pernapasan. Akibatnya, otot saluran napas menutup sehingga anak sulit bernapas.

Sedangkan pada secondary drowning, air masuk ke saluran paru-paru dan menyebabkan peradangan lapisan paru. Kondisi ini menyebabkan cairan menumpuk atau yang dikenal dengan edema paru.

Baik dry drowning dan secondary drowning merupakan komplikasi langka akibat tenggelam. Anak yang tenggelam tidak selalu mengalami kedua komplikasi tersebut. Tetapi jika komplikasi tersebut tidak segera ditangani, keduanya dapat menyebabkan kematian.

Gejala Dry Drowning pada Anak

Dlansir WebMD, komplikasi tenggelam pada anak dapat ditandai dengan:

  • Sering terbatuk
  • Nyeri di dada
  • Sulit bernapas
  • Merasa kelelahan
  • Perubahan perilaku seperti mudah marah akibat kekurangan oksigen

Menurut Medical News Today, Anda perlu segera memeriksakan anak ke dokter jika dalam 2-3 jam setelah keluar dari permukaan air mengalami gejala di atas. Termasuk jika gejala semakin memburuk dalam 8 jam pertama, maka sebaiknya anak segera mendapat perawatan medis.

 

Penanganan Dry Drowning pada Anak

Pada anak yang baru saja tenggelam, setelah berhasil keluar dari permukaan air ia harus segera mendapat perawatan medis. Kondisinya pun perlu selalu dipantau untuk melihat apakah gejalanya berkembang menjadi secondary drowning atau tidak. Jika anak menunjukkan rasa kelelahan atau terus-menerus mengantuk, bisa jadi hal ini merupakan tanda kekurangan oksigen.

Dokter akan memeriksa apakah terjadi penyumbatan saluran napas akibat tenggelam. Jika diperlukan, anak akan mendapat bantuan oksigen atau alat bantu pernapasan. Tujuannya adalah untuk melancarkan aliran darah dalam paru-paru dan membantu mengedarkan oksigen ke seluruh tubuh sehingga organ tubuh dapat berfungsi normal.

Setelah korban stabil, dokter mungkin akan memeriksa apakah terjadi peradangan di paru-paru akibat infeksi bakteri. Bila diperlukan, dokter akan meminta anak melakukan pemeriksaan rontgen untuk mengetahui kondisi paru-paru.

 

Bisakah Dry Drowning pada Anak Dicegah?

Karena dry drowning adalah komplikasi akibat tenggelam, maka cara menghindarinya adalah dengan mencegah anak agar tidak tenggelam. Beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan antara lain:

  • Jangan biarkan anak berenang atau bermain air sendirian
  • Selalu awasi anak-anak saat bermain air
  • Ajarkan anak berenang sejak dini
  • Ajarkan anak bermain air yang aman seperti menggunakan ban pelampung atau bermain air di perairan yang tidak berarus deras
  • Hindari berenang di area yang berbahaya

 

Komplikasi tenggelam seperti dry drowning dan secondary drowning memang tidak selalu terjadi pada anak yang tenggelam. Namun jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, komplikasi tersebut dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan serius yang menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa. Sebagai langkah pencegahan, selalu awasi anak-anak ketika bermain air baik di kolam renang maupun perairan lepas seperti laut atau pantai. 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 23:43

Garder, A. (2022). What Is Dry Drowning?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/features/secondary-drowning-dry-drowning

Cleveland Clinic. ‘Dry Drowning’: Separating Fact From Fiction. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dry-drowning-separating-fact-from-fiction/

 

Huizen, J., Weber, B. (2022). What Is Dry Drowning and What Are The Symptoms?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323520

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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