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Tes BERA (Brain Evoked Response Auditory) dan Prosedur Pemeriksaannya

Tes BERA (Brain Evoked Response Auditory) dan Prosedur Pemeriksaannya
Ilustrasi stimulus suara. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Tes BERA (Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory) atau tes respons auditori batang otak adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk  mengukur aktivitas gelombang otak yang terjadi sebagai respons terhadap rangsangan audio dan nada tertentu. Tes ini adalah salah satu pemeriksaan yang bisa dilakukan untuk membantu menilai apakah ada gangguan pendengaran atau kondisi neurologis yang memengaruhi pendengaran pada anak.

 

Tes BERA dan Tujuannya

Tes BERA adalah pemeriksaan elektrodiagnostik yang mendeteksi aktivitas listrik di telinga bagian dalam dan jalur pendengaran di otak. Setelah diberikan stimulus dalam bentuk suara (bunyi klik, nada murni) atau stimulus dalam bentuk memberikan getaran ke tulang di area telinga yang akan dihantarkan ke telinga.

Pemeriksaan ini akan mengukur gelombang otak yang merespon dengan stimulus yang diberikan. Pemeriksaan ini hanya dilakukan oleh dokter terlatih dan berpengalaman.

Tes BERA dilakukan untuk:

  • Membantu dalam diagnosis masalah sistem saraf dan kehilangan pendengaran (terutama pada bayi baru lahir dan anak-anak)
  • Mencari tahu seberapa baik sistem saraf dalam bekerja
  • Memeriksa kemampuan pendengaran pada orang-orang yang tidak bisa melakukan tes pendengaran lainnya

 

Bagaimana Bila Hasil Tes Abnormal?

Umumnya, hasil tes BERA yang abnormal bisa menjadi tanda adanya suatu masalah pendengaran atau penyakit lainnya. Di bawah ini adalah beberapa penyakit yang bisa menjadi penyebab hasil pemeriksaan tidak normal.

 
 

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

MS adalah penyakit sistem saraf pusat kronis yang memengaruhi otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh justru menyerang lapisan pelindung saraf. Akibatnya, transmisi sinyal saraf di tubuh menjadi terganggu.

Individu dengan MS memiliki beberapa gejala seperti gangguan dalam penglihatan, pergerakan lengan atau tungkai, sensasi sensorik, dan keseimbangan dan koordinasi. Penyakit ini bisa menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup dan disabilitas.

Baca Juga: Kiss of Deaf, Risiko Hilangnya Pendengaran Permanen Akibat Ciuman

Neuroma akustik

Neuroma akustik adalah tumor nonkanker yang tumbuh di saraf vestibular, yaitu salah satu saraf utama yang berjalan dari telinga bagian dalam ke otak. Saraf ini berperan dalam fungsi keseimbangan dan pendengaran.

Gejala dari neuroma akustik meliputi kehilangan pendengaran yang bisa semakin berat, suara berdenging di telinga, kehilangan keseimbangan, pusing dan mati rasa di wajah.

Gangguan otak

Adanya cedera di kepala atau pertumbuhan abnormal tumor di dalam otak, dapat memengaruhi fungsi otak dan sistem saraf.

Gangguan bicara

Gangguan bicara bisa disebabkan oleh gangguan saraf yang memengaruhi kemampuan untuk berbicara dan memahami bahasa. Tes BERA dapat membantu mengetahui gangguan saraf yang mendasari gangguan bicara yang dialami.

Baca Juga: Dua Metode Tes Pendengaran Pada Bayi, Kapan Sebaiknya Dilakukan?

 

Prosedur Tes BERA

Pada pemeriksaan ini, akan dipasang elektroda pada kulit kepala dan daun telinga pasien. Kemudian, stimulus seperti bunyi atau suara klik akan dihantarkan ke telinga melalui earphone, ke telinga yang diberi stimulus. Koklea pada telinga bagian dalam juga bisa distimulasi secara langsung dengan menggetarkan tulang di area telinga. Elektroda akan merekam aktivitas gelombang otak yang merespon terhadap stimulus tersebut.

Tes ini sangat membantu dalam menilai fungsi pendengaran terutama pada bayi, anak-anak kecil serta orang dewasa yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik.

Ketika hasil tes didapatkan, dokter akan mengevaluasi dan menentukan apakah ada gangguan pendengaran dan masalah kesehatan lain yang memengaruhi fungsi pendengaran Anda. Ingin tahu lebih banyak mengenai tes BERA? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 11 Januari 2024 | 08:10

Mount Sinai. BAER - brainstem auditory evoked response. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/baer-brainstem-auditory-evoked-response 

Medline Plus (2022). BAER - brainstem auditory evoked response. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm 

Louisiana State University. What is the BAER test?. Available from: https://www.lsu.edu/deafness/baerexpl.htm

NHS UK (2022). Multiple sclerosis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-sclerosis/  

Mayo Clinic (2023). Acoustic neuroma. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acoustic-neuroma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356127 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Stroke. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20350113 

Mayo Clinic (2021). Traumatic brain injury. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557 

Penn Medicine (2022). Speech and Language Disorders. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/speech-and-language-disorders 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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