Pemeriksaan IgA

Pemeriksaan IgA
Ilustrasi sampel darah.

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Definisi

Antibodi atau imunoglobulin memiliki peran penting pada sistem imunitas tubuh. Imunoglobulin merupakan protein yang terbentuk atau dihasilkan oleh sel imun untuk melawan benda asing dari luar tubuh seperti virus dan bakteri. Ketika terpapar bakteri atau virus, tubuh akan menghasilkan antibodi. IgA menyusun sekitar 15% dari total imunoglobulin dalam darah tetapi juga dapat ditemukan pada air liur, air mata, cairan lambung dan pernapasan, dan air susu ibu (ASI).

IgA memberikan perlindungan terhadap infeksi pada area mukosa tubuh, seperti saluran pernapasan (pada sinus dan paru-paru) dan saluran cerna (pada lambung dan usus). Ketika ibu menyusui bayinya, maka bayi akan mendapatkan antibodi IgA melalui ASI. Antibodi ini membantu melindungi saluran cerna bayi. Jumlah IgA yang banyak tidak dihasilkan sendiri oleh bayi hingga usia 6 bulan sehingga perlindungan tersebut didapatkan melalui ASI.

Terdapat dua tipe kelas IgA, yaitu IgA1 dan IgA2. Pemeriksaan IgA dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar Immunoglobulin A, salah satu tipe antibodi yang umum pada tubuh.

 

Indikasi

Dokter akan menyarankan pemeriksaan ini untuk membantu diagnosis terhadap permasalahan sistem imun, permasalahan pada saluran cerna dan ginjal. Pemeriksaan ini juga disarankan juga pada anak-anak yang mengalami infeksi yang kambuh kembali. Pemeriksaan ini juga dilakukan untuk memeriksa kondisi autoimun dimana tubuh tidak sengaja membuat antibodi tubuh menyerang jaringan yang sehat seperti arthritis, lupus dan penyakit Celiac. Pada anak-anak dengan nilai IgA yang rendah (atau tidak ada sama sekali) memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi mengalami kondisi autoimun, infeksi, asma dan alergi. 

 

Baca Juga: Penyakit Celiac - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Pengobatannya

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan IgA.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan IgA. Pemeriksaan ini tidak mewajibkan Anda puasa sebelumnya. Informasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengkonsumsi obat atau makanan tertentu yang dapat memengaruhi pemeriksaan. Pastikan kondisi Anda tenang dan terhidrasi.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan IgA menggunakan sampel darah karena menggunakan pemeriksaan dengan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan membersihkan lengan Anda dengan alcohol steril dan mengambil sedikit darah dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada tumit.

Bila darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah, permukaan kulit akan dibersihkan dengan antiseptik dan diikat dengan alat khusus (tourniquet) pada area lengan untuk memberikan tekanan dan menyebabkan pembuluh darah membengkak dengan darah. Jarum mengambil sampel akan dimasukkan melalui pembuluh darah (biasanya pada bagian lengan dalam atau siku atau pada bagian punggung tangan) dan darah akan diambil masuk ke dalam vial atau syringe. Setelah prosedur, tourniquet dilepaskan dan bekas area pengambilan darah akan ditutup dengan perban untuk menghentikan pendarahan.

Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium pada mesin khusus. Pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu sehari untuk mendapatkan hasil. Risiko pemeriksaan ini cukup minimal Beberapa orang merasakan nyeri, pusing, dan memar saat pengambilan darah. Namun, hal ini biasanya hilang dengan cepat. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini cukup sederhana dan biasanya akan memakan waktu hingga 10 menit untuk mengambil darah darah dan merapikannya.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal pemeriksaan IgA secara umum pada orang dewasa antara 0.8 sampai 3.0 g/L. Dari segi usia, nilai pemeriksaan dari IgA :

  • 0-1 tahun : 1-83 mg/dL
  • 1-5 tahun : 20-152 mg/dL
  • 5-10 tahun : 33-274 mg/dL
  • 10-17 tahun : 42-378 mg/dL
  • Lebih tua dari 18 tahun : 60-400 mg/dL

Nilai abnormal pemeriksaan bila hasil pemeriksaan berada di bawah atau di atas batas normal.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Hasil pemeriksaan IgA tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sehingga dokter akan menyarankan melakukan pemeriksaan antibodi lainnya seperti IgG dan IgM. Pada hasil pemeriksaan IgA atau imunoglobulin A yang tinggi dapat menjadi indikasi adanya kondisi tertentu seperti alergi, infeksi kronis, gangguan autoimun seperti rheumatik, lupus atau penyakit Celiac, gangguan pada organ hati, inflamasi pada pinggang, serta kanker seperti limfoma atau leukimia.

Pada hasil dari pemeriksaan IgA rendah atau terjadi penurunan dapat disebabkan karena adanya infeksi atau kambuhnya infeksi kembali, komplikasi diabetes, gangguan ginjal atau gagal ginjal, HIV/AIDS serta mungkin ditemui pada bayi dengan usia dibawah 6 bulan.

Nilai IgA yang tinggi atau rendah tidak selalu mengindikasikan adanya gejala penyakit tersebut sehingga diskusikan dengan dokter terkait hasil pemeriksaan yang telah Anda terima.

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil pemeriksaan IgA menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai. Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam sehingga didapatkan penanganan dan terapi yang tepat. Dokter mungkin akan menyarankan melakukan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan diagnosis Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 13 November 2023 | 05:24

Immunoglobulins Blood Test. (2022). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM Blood Test). (2021). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/immunoglobulins-iga-igg-igm/

What is an Immunoglobulin Test?. (2021). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immunoglobulin-test 

Blood Test : Immunoglobulin A (IgA). (2023). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-Families/Health-Library/HealthDocNew/Blood-Test-Immunoglobulin-A-(IgA)-(1) 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 763 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 763
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.18msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7998 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7998
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6143 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6143
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9808 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9808
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1665 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8077 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8077
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7243 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7243
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7747 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7747
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7731 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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