Esketamine

Esketamine
Sediaan esketamine yang beredar di Indonesia digunakan sebagai obat antidepresan.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Sebagai antidepresan: Spravato.

 

Cara Kerja

Esketamine adalah obat antidepresan yang digunakan untuk pengobatan gangguan depresi yang resisten terhadap lini pengobatan awal pada penyakitnya. Obat ini dibuat dari obat bius ketamine dan digunakan juga sebagai obat bius.

Esketamine bekerja dengan cara meningkatkan glutamate di dalam otak, asam amino yang berperan sebagai pengirim pesan sinyal dari sel saraf ke berbagai sel lainnya (neurotransmitter). Berdasarkan teori yang ada, jumlah neurotransmitter yang lebih tinggi akan menyebabkan komunikasi antar sel saraf otak menjadi lebih baik. Oleh karenanya, bagian otak yang mengatur mood dapat bekerja lebih baik dan menghilangkan gejala depresi.

Anda bisa membaca lebih jauh mengenai gangguan depresi pada artikel ini: Depresi - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Indikasi

Pada tahun 2021, bentuk semprotan hidung (nasal spray) obat ini dengan nama dagang Spravato disetujui badan pengawas obat dan makanan (BPOM) untuk digunakan di Indonesia sebagai obat antidepresan. Obat ini digunakan bersama dengan obat antidepresan lainnya dan diindikasikan untuk pasien dewasa dengan gangguan depresi yang resisten terhadap pengobatan. Esketamine bisa menjadi pilihan pengobatan bila pasien belum mendapatkan manfaat dari setidaknya dua pengobatan antidepresan berbeda pada episode depresi derajat sedang hingga berat yang dialami saat ini.

Bila Anda tertarik untuk mengetahui tentang obat antidepresan lain, Anda bisa membacanya di sini: Agomelatine - Cara Kerja, Indikasi dan Kontraindikasi.

 

Kontraindikasi

Esketamine tidak boleh digunakan bila Anda memiliki kondisi berikut:

  • Hipersensitivitas atau alergi terhadap obat ini ataupun terhadap ketamine yang digunakan sebagai obat bius.
  • Pernah mengalami salah satu kondisi di bawah ini terkait peningkatan tekanan darah atau tekanan dalam rongga kepala, seperti:
    • Aneurisma, ada bagian pembuluh darah yang melebar/menonjol dan rentan pecah.
    • Perdarahan pada otak.
    • Serangan jantung dalam 6 minggu terakhir.

 

Efek Samping

Pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan eskatamine untuk depresinya berisiko mengalami penurunan kesadaran serta kesulitan dalam berkonsentrasi, mengambil keputusan dan berpikir. Oleh karena itu pasien harus diawasi selama 2 jam setelah pengobatan dan dilarang mengemudi maupun mengoperasikan peralatan berat pada hari pengobatan.

Obat ini juga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah untuk waktu yang singkat, sehingga pengukuran tekanan darah harus dilakukan sebelum pemberian obat. Tekanan darah cenderung memuncak 40 menit setelah pemakaian dan berlangsung selama 1-2 jam. Pasien harus diukur ulang tekanan darahnya secara periodik setelah penggunaan obat.

Efek samping lain yang dapat terjadi adalah:

  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Pusing berputar (vertigo)
  • Mengantuk
  • Sakit kepala

 

Sediaan

Sebagi antidepresan, esketamine tersedia di Indonesia dalam bentuk sediaan semprotan hidung. Alat semprotan hidung ini adalah alat sekali pakai dengan kandungan 28 mg esketamine yang terbagi dalam dua semprotan (satu semprotan per lubang hidung). Esketamine juga ada dalam bentuk obat bius namun tidak tersedia di Indonesia.

 

Dosis

Sebagai semprotan hidung untuk mengatasi gangguan depresi mayor yang resisten pengobatan:

Dewasa <65 Tahun

  • Digunakan bersama obat minum antidepresan dengan dosis 56 mg pada hari pertama, diikuti 56 mg atau 84 mg dua kali seminggu selama minggu ke-1-4.
  • Pada fase pemeliharaan (minggu ke- 5-8), obat ini digunakan sekali seminggu dengan dosis 56 mg atau 84 mg.
  • Dari minggu ke-9 dan seterusnya obat ini digunakan dengan dosis 56 mg atau 84 mg setiap 1-2 minggu.

Lansia ≥65 Tahun

  • Digunakan bersama obat minum antidepresan dengan dosis 28 mg pada hari pertama, diikuti 28 mg, 56 mg atau 84 mg dua kali seminggu selama minggu ke-1-4.
  • Pada fase pemeliharaan (minggu ke- 5-8), obat ini digunakan sekali seminggu dengan dosis 28, 56 mg atau 84 mg.
  • Dari minggu ke-9 dan seterusnya obat ini digunakan dengan dosis 28 mg, 56 mg atau 84 mg setiap 2 minggu.

Setelah gejala depresi membaik, pengobatan direkomendasikan untuk dilanjutkan selama paling tidak 6 bulan.

 

Keamanan

Tidak ada data keamanan penggunaan esketamine sebagai antidepresan pada anak berusia ≤17 tahun, sehingga obat ini sebaiknya tidak digunakan pada kelompok umur ini. Jangan gunakan obat ini pada ibu hamil atau ibu menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Penggunaan bersama klaritromisin (suatu antibiotik) dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi esketamine dalam tubuh.
  • Penggunaan bersama rifampicin (obat tuberkulosis) dapat menurunkan konsentrasi esketamine dalam tubuh.
  • Penggunaan bersama midazolam (obat tidur) dapat menurunkan konsentrasi midazolam dalam tubuh.
  • Penggunaan bersama obat-obatan penekan sistem saraf pusat seperti benzodiazepine, opioid, alkohol dapat menyebabkan penurunan kesadaran.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:30

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Esketamine: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/esketamine?mtype=generic.

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2021). Spravato 28 mg larutan semprotan hidung. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/obat-baru/spravato-28-mg-larutan-semprotan-hidung.

Medicines.org. (2021). Spravato 28 mg nasal spray, solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10977/smpc#gref.

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2022). Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/esketamine-for-treatment-resistant-depression.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). FDA approves new nasal spray medication for treatment-resistant depression; available only at a certified doctor’s office or clinic. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistant-depression-available-only-certified.

Samuel T. Wilkinson, M. (2020). What Is the Deal With Esketamine?. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/what-deal-esketamine.

European Medicines Agency. (2022). Spravato. Retrieved 6 September 2022, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/spravato.

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      • 3: updated
      • 4: 4879
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-05-04 21:10:29
      • 8: 2025-05-04 21:10:29
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.37msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 45 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 45
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8673 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8673
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3861 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3861
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1165 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1165
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new710μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9777 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9777
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1832 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1832
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.52msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7905 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7905
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8949 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8949
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2681 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2681
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4788 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4788
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2569 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2569
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2689 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2689
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new640μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    192Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
    1Healthpedia.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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