Amonium Klorida

Amonium Klorida

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

OBH Nellco, OBH Molex, OB Combi Batuk Pilek.

Cara Kerja

Amonium klorida bekerja meningkatkan keasaman dalam tubuh dengan meningkatkan jumlah konsentrasi ion hydrogen (H+). Selain itu, amonium klorida juga biasa digunakan sebagai agen ekspektoran (obat pengencer dahak) dalam obat batuk karena efek iritasinya pada mukosa bronkus (saluran pernapasan). Efek ini menyebabkan produksi cairan saluran pernapasan yang membantu merangsang batuk efektif dan mempermudah pengeluaran dahak.

Indikasi

Amonium klorida digunakan sebagai agen ekspektoran pada obat batuk berdahak dan juga untuk mengatasi kondisi alkalosis metabolik (kondisi dimana pH darah > 7,45 (basa), biasanya disebabkan oleh muntah hebat dan dehidrasi).

Kontraindikasi

  • Pasien dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal atau hati yang berat.
  • Amonium klorida tidak boleh diberikan bila alkalosis metabolik disertai dengan hilangnya natrium (ekskresi natrium bikarbonat dalam urin).

Efek Samping

  • Signifikan: Toksisitas/keracunan amonia (gejala: pucat, keringat dingin, gangguan irama jantung, muntah-muntah).
  • Reaksi tempat injeksi/penyuntikan (misalnya nyeri, iritasi, flebitis (peradangan pembuluh darah), trombosis vena (terbentuk bekuan darah di pembuluh vena), infeksi).
  • Gangguan metabolisme dan nutrisi: Hiperglikemia (kadar gula darah tinggi).
  • Gangguan sistem saraf: nyeri kepala, hiperrefleksia (refleks berlebihan).
  • Gangguan psikiatri: hiperventilasi (kondisi nafas menjadi terlalu cepat), kebingungan.
  • Gangguan ginjal dan kemih: Glikosuria (kondisi dimana terdapat glukosa (gula) di dalam urin).
  • Gangguan kulit dan jaringan di bawah kulit: ruam.

Sediaan

Amonium klorida tersedia dalam bentuk sirup (sebagai agen ekspektoran dalam obat batuk) dan suntikan (untuk indikasi alkalosis metabolik).

Dosis

  • Sebagai ekspektoran dalam obat batuk: dosis mengikuti anjuran pemakaian obat batuk.
  • Dosis untuk mengatasi kondisi alkalosis metabolik tergantung pada tingkat keparahan kondisi dan toleransi pasien. Dosis juga dapat ditentukan berdasarkan tingkat daya kombinasi karbon dioksida dan defisit (kekurangan) klorida.

Keamanan

  • Pasien yang menerima amonium klorida harus dipantau secara berkala untuk gejala toksisitas amonia (pucat, berkeringat dingin, muntah, pernapasan tidak teratur, gangguan irama jantung, dan kejang).
  • Pemberian suntikan melalui pembuluh darah vena (intravena) harus secara perlahan untuk menghindari iritasi lokal dan efek toksik.
  • Kehamilan Kategori C: Studi reproduksi hewan telah menunjukkan efek buruk pada janin dan tidak ada studi yang memadai pada manusia. Amonium klorida dapat diberikan kepada wanita hamil hanya jika benar-benar dibutuhkan.

Interaksi Obat

  • Dapat meningkatkan efek samping jika digunakan bersamaan dengan obat diuretik hemat Kalium.
  • Dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi serum obat chlorpropamide dan salisilat.
  • Dapat menurunkan konsentrasi serum obat amantadine, amphetamines, mecamylamine, dan α/β-agonists.

 

 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 18:27

BPOM RI. Ammonium Chloride. cekbpom.pom.go.id. Retrieved 11 February 2022, from https://cekbpom.pom.go.id//home/produk/69bhknndt7v4km8sdutf8ashf5/all/row/10/page/3/order/4/DESC/search/5/ammonium%20chloride

MIMS Indonesia. Ammonium Chloride. Mims.com. Retrieved 11 February 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/ammonium%20chloride?mtype=generic

Ammonium Chloride. Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 February 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/pro/ammonium-chloride.html

 

Drugbank. Ammonium Chloride. Retrieved 11 February 2022, from https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06767

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9817 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9817
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3938 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3938
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5876 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5876
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3546 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3546
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4156 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4156
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6603 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6603
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4712 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4712
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3385 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3385
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2922 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2922
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
    20Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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