Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Kualitatif

Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Kualitatif
Pemeriksaan RF merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang biasanya digunakan untuk membantu diagnosa dari Rheumatoid arthritis.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Faktor Rheumatoid atau Rheumatoid Factor (RF) merupakan autoantibodi atau antibodi yang menyerang sel dan jaringan sehat pada pasien dengan autoimun, yang terbentuk pada pasien rheumatoid arthritis. Protein tersebut terbentuk oleh sistem imunitas tubuh. Jika kadar RF dalam darah tinggi dapat menandakan kemungkinan memiliki penyakit autoimun seperti rheumatoid arthritis atau sindrom Sjogren.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) merupakan penyakit autoimun kronis yang terjadi pada persendian kedua sisi tubuh, dimana hal ini yang membedakan dengan tipe arthritis lainnya. Pemeriksaan RF merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang biasanya digunakan untuk membantu diagnosis dari Rheumatoid arthritis. Pasien rheumatoid arthritis akan memiliki protein abnormal yang disebut dengan autoantibodi yang dapat menyebabkan nilai tinggi pada pemeriksaan. Jika pada pasien yang sehat ditemukan RF positif dapat menandakan adanya kondisi lain, dokter mungkin akan menyarankan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan hasil pemeriksaan atau diagnosis.

 

Baca Juga: Sindrom Sjogren - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Pengobatannya

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan RF dilakukan oleh dokter dalam membantu diagnosis penyakit autoimun rheumatoid arthritis atau sindrom Sjogren. Angka kejadian RF mencapai 80% pada orang dewasa yang memiliki riwayat RA. Pemeriksaan ini merupakan pemeriksaan awal yang dilakukan oleh dokter bila Anda memiliki gejala RA seperti kekakuan, pembengkakan, nyeri, hangat pada persendian, kelelahan, demam dan kehilangan berat badan.

Selain itu, pemeriksaan RF juga dapat membantu membedakan RA dari tipe arthritis lainnya seperti osteoporosis atau psoriatik arthritis. Pemeriksaan ini juga disarankan oleh dokter bila mengalami beberapa kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan nilai RF seperti infeksi kronis (hepatitis C, tuberkulosis, dan endokarditis), serta kondisi kanker tertentu seperti leukimia.

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan RF kualitatif.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan RF kualitatif. Pemeriksaan ini tidak mewajibkan Anda puasa sebelumnya. Informasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengonsumsi obat atau makanan tertentu yang dapat memengaruhi pemeriksaan. Pastikan kondisi Anda tenang, terhidrasi, dan tidak dalam kondisi stres.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan RF kualitatif menggunakan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan membersihkan lengan Anda dengan alcohol steril dan mengambil sedikit darah Anda dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada tumit. Bila darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah, permukaan kulit akan dibersihkan dengan antiseptik dan diikat dengan alat khusus (tourniquet) pada area lengan untuk memberikan tekanan dan menyebabkan pembuluh darah membengkak dengan darah.

Jarum akan dimasukkan melalui pembuluh darah (biasanya pada bagian lengan dalam atau siku atau pada bagian punggung tangan) dan darah akan diambil masuk ke dalam vial atau syringe. Setelah prosedur, tourniquet dilepaskan dan bekas area pengambilan darah akan ditutup dengan perban untuk menghentikan pendarahan. Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium pada mesin khusus.

Pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu sehari untuk mendapatkan hasil. Risiko pemeriksaan ini cukup minimal. Beberapa orang merasakan nyeri, pusing, dan memar saat pengambilan darah. Namun, hal ini biasanya hilang dengan cepat. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini cukup sederhana dan biasanya akan memakan waktu hingga 10 menit untuk mengambil darah darah dan merapikannya.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Hasil pemeriksaan dari RF kualitatif, yaitu:

  • Negatif = Normal
  • Positif = Abnormal

Rentang nilai normal pemeriksaan bervariasi antara jenis kelamin, usia dan laboratorium pemeriksaan. Dokter akan menyarankan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan lagi hasil pemeriksaan terutama pada hasil normal atau nilai RF yang rendah. Diskusikan dengan dokter terkait hasil pemeriksaan Anda.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Bila hasil pemeriksaan berada di atas nilai normal, hal tersebut menunjukkan nilai positif dan di dalam darah terdeteksi kadar RF yang tinggi. Hal ini dapat menjadi tanda pada pasien dengan gejala rheumatoid arthritis atau sindrom Sjogren. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa tidak semua hasil pemeriksaan dengan nilai RF yang tinggi akan memiliki diagnosis rheumatoid arthritis atau sindrom Sjogren sehingga dokter akan menyarankan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan seperti pemeriksaan darah yang lebih spesifik seperti pemeriksaan anti CCP antibodi untuk membantu diagnosis dari rheumatoid arthritis.

Pada pasien dengan kondisi tertentu juga dapat menyebabkan nilai RF yang lebih tinggi seperti hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, influenza, penyakit ginjal tertetntu, dan infeksi parasit. Pada hasil pemeriksaan normal atau kurang dari rentang hal ini menujukkan adanya sedikit atau tidak ada RF di dalam darah. Diskusikan dengan dokter terkait pemeriksaan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan kembali hasil diagnosis. Hasil pemeriksaan RF tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sehingga dokter akan menyarankan pemeriksaan lain untuk mendukung hasil diagnosis.

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil RF kualitatif menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai.  Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam sehingga didapatkan penanganan dan terapi yang tepat. Dokter mungkin akan menyarankan anda melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan kembali diagnosis yang didapat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 2 November 2023 | 05:02

Rheumatoid Factor : What to Know. (2023). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325505

What is the Rheumatoid Factor Test?. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/rheumatoid-factor-test

Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf/ 

What is a Rheumatoid Factor Test?. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-rheumatoid-factor-190280

Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/ 

Rheumatoid Arthritis. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2023, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4924-rheumatoid-arthritis 

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      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1141 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1141
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9239 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9239
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3795 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3795
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1780 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1780
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 377 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 377
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10112 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10112
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8065 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8065
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7747 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7747
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7731 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6285 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6285
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.3msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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