Pemeriksaan Anti Thrombin III

Pemeriksaan Anti Thrombin III
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Definisi

Pemeriksaan antitrombin III (AT III) adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar antitrombin III dalam darah Anda. Antitrombin III adalah suatu protein yang membantu mengontrol pembekuan darah. Protein ini sendiri dibuat di organ hati dan beredar dalam aliran darah.

Ketika Anda berdarah, tubuh Anda secara alami akan mempersiapkan mekanisme pertahanan untuk menjaga agar Anda tidak kehilangan darah secara berlebihan. Proses ini disebut dengan proses pembekuan darah. Terdapat faktor atau protein pembekuan darah yang meregulasi pembekuan darah dan mempertahankan aliran darah di dalam pembuluh darah Anda.

Terkadang, pembekuan darah yang berlebihan dapat menjadi fatal karena aliran darah ke organ yang penting akan terhambat. Sebagai contoh, pada kondisi medis trombosis vena dalam, bekuan darah abnormal dapat terbentuk di pembuluh vena dalam. Bekuan darah tersebut bisa terbentuk di tungkai, paha atau panggul, atau area lain di tubuh. Pembekuan darah berbahaya lainnya adalah emboli paru. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika bekuan darah lepas dan berkelana melalui aliran darah dan tersangkut di pembuluh darah paru-paru.

 

Kami memiliki artikel mengenai trombosis vena dalam yang bisa Anda baca di sini.

 

Indikasi

Umumnya, dokter bisa menyarankan pemeriksaan ini ketika ditemukan bahwa Anda telah berulang-kali mengalami gangguan pembekuan darah berulang, atau ketika pemberian obat pencegah pembekuan darah tidak bekerja dengan baik. Indikasi dari pemeriksaan antitrombin III antara lain:

  • Dilakukan sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan hemostasis darah, sebagai bagian dari evaluasi lengkap panel darah bersama untuk membantu mengidentifikasi gangguan pembekuan darah yang belum diketahui sebabnya
  • Memantau pengobatan pengganti antitrombin yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kekurangan protein antitrombin, baik yang diturunkan oleh orang tua maupun didapat karena berbagai sebab
  • Kondisi pasien tidak membaik setelah diberikan pengobatan heparin (pengencer darah)
  • Memiliki kondisi medis tromboemboli vena dengan usia di bawah 50 tahun, atau terdapat bekuan darah yang berada di pembuluh vena paru, perut atau otak
  • Terdapat riwayat gangguan pembekuan darah pada anggota keluarga

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kondisi khusus yang menyebabkan seseorang tidak bisa melakukan pemeriksaan ini. Namun, ada kondisi yang bisa menyulitkan pengambilan sampel darah, seperti misalnya infeksi pada lengan, graft pembuluh darah, memar, atau pengerasan pembuluh darah. Pada kondisi ini, pengambilan sampel akan berusaha dilakukan pada bagian tubuh lain.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Beberapa obat dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan, misalnya antinyeri ibuprofen, antikoagulan warfarin (untuk mencegah pembekuan darah) atau kemoterapi (pengobatan kanker) dengan obat asparaginase. Mungkin Anda bisa diminta untuk berhenti mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu atau mengurangi dosisnya sebelum tes dilakukan. Namun begitu, jangan menghentikan konsumsi obat sendiri sebelum berkonsultasi dengan dokter.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan antitrombin III dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel darah yang akan diambil oleh tenaga kesehatan. Sampel darah umumnya diambil dari pembuluh vena di area lengan dengan menggunakan jarum kecil. Area tubuh yang akan diambil darahnya akan didisinfeksi terlebih dahulu dengan kasa alkohol.

Tenaga kesehatan kemudian akan menyuntikkan jarum tersebut ke dalam pembuluh darah. Setelah jarum dimasukan, sejumlah kecil darah akan dikumpulkan ke dalam tabung atau vial. Anda mungkin akan merasakan sedikit nyeri ketika jarum masuk atau keluar.

Selanjutnya, tempat pengambilan sampel dibersihkan kembali dengan cairan disinfektan atau alkohol swab dan menekan lokasi pengambilan sampel darah hingga tidak ada darah yang keluar. Prosedur ini biasanya hanya membutuhkan waktu kurang dari 5 menit. Sampel darah selanjutnya akan dianalisis oleh tenaga kesehatan di laboratorium.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Hasil pemeriksaan dapat bervariasi bergantung pada usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat kesehatan Anda, serta hal lainnya. Kadar antitrombin III yang normal untuk bayi baru lahir adalah 60% sampai 90%. Sementara itu, kadar yang normal untuk anak-anak dan orang dewasa adalah 80% sampai 120%.

Namun, rentang nilai normal dapat sedikit bervariasi antar laboratorium yang berbeda. Tanyakan pada dokter mengenai interpretasi hasil tes Anda.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Kadar antitrombin III yang kurang dari normal dapat berarti Anda memiliki peningkatan risiko pembekuan darah. Hal ini dapat terjadi ketika tidak terdapat cukup antitrombin III dalam darah Anda, atau ketika tidak terdapat masalah pada kadar antitrombin III namun antitrombin III tersebut tidak berfungsi dengan normal dan kurang aktif. Hasil yang abnormal juga bisa tidak muncul sampai Anda menginjak usia dewasa.

Beberapa kondisi yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan pembekuan darah adalah:

  • Trombosis vena dalam
  • Flebitis (peradangan vena)
  • Emboli paru, yaitu kondisi bekuan darah yang masuk ke paru
  • Tromboflebitis, kondisi peradangan pembuluh vena dengan pembentukan bekuan darah

Antitrombin III yang kurang dari normal dapat disebabkan oleh:

  • Transplantasi sumsum tulang
  • Kekurangan antitrombin III
  • Sirosis hati, yaitu pembentukan jaringan parut pada organ hati dan tidak bisa dikembalikan seperti semula
  • Sindrom nefrotik, sekumpulan gejala yang menandakan adanya gangguan pada ginjal

Antitrombin III yang lebih tinggi dari normal dapat disebabkan oleh:

  • Gangguan perdarahan (hemofilia)
  • Transplantasi ginjal
  • Kadar vitamin K yang rendah

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Hasil tes di luar rentang normal tidak selalu menandakan adanya kondisi medis tertentu. Namun begitu, hasil pemeriksaan yang abnormal sebaiknya dikonsultasikan lebih lanjut dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam. Dokter akan membantu Anda untuk menginvestigasi penyebab kondisi yang Anda alami sehingga dapat diberikan penanganan yang tepat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 30 Agustus 2023 | 07:39

Antithrombin III (2020) ucsfhealth.org. Available at: https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/antithrombin-iii-blood-test (Accessed: 12 May 2023). 

Jun Teruya, M. (2021) Antithrombin IIIReference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2084978-overview#a4 (Accessed: 12 May 2023). 

Antithrombin (activity and antigen) (no date) Antithrombin (Activity and Antigen) - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center. Available at: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=antithrombin_activity_antigen (Accessed: 12 May 2023). 

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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3546
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2182 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2182
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1140 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1140
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new870μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1257 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1257
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9163 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9163
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7691 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7691
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2304 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2304
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7480
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6285 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6285
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6289 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6289
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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