Osteogenesis Imperfekta

Osteogenesis Imperfekta
Hati-hati bila anak sering patah tulang tanpa sebab yang jelas.

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Definisi

Osteogenesis imperfekta (OI) adalah suatu kelainan tulang bawaan (genetik) yang langka dan sudah ada saat lahir. Penyakit ini juga dikenal dengan penyakit tulang rapuh. Seorang anak yang lahir dengan osteogenesis imperfekta dapat memiliki tulang yang lunak, mudah patah (fraktur) tanpa sebab yang jelas, tidak tumbuh dengan normal, dan berbagai masalah lainnya.

Karena penyakit ini adalah kelainan bawaan lahir, kemungkinan ada anggota keluarga yang juga pernah mengalami osteogenesis imperfekta. Penyakit ini terjadi pada sekitar 1-10 di antara 20 ribu orang, dialami laki-laki dan perempuan dalam jumlah yang merata. Keluhan yang dialami sangat bervariasi bahkan pada keluarga yang sama, ada yang ringan hingga berat.

Osteogenesis imperfekta dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa jenis yang berbeda berdasarkan gejala, tingkat keparahan, mutasi gen yang terjadi dan hasil temuan pada pemeriksaan penunjang. Ada 4 tipe utama yang paling sering ditemukan, yaitu:

  1. Tipe I

Tipe OI yang paling ringan dan sering ditemukan, sekitar 50% dari semua anak dengan OI memiliki tipe ini. Pada tipe I ditemukan tulang yang sangat rentan dan mudah patah. Tidak ditemukan perubahan bentuk tulang yang abnormal.

  1. Tipe II

OI tipe II adalah jenis osteogenesis imperfekta yang berat, seringnya bayi menjadi tidak bisa bernapas dan meninggal beberapa minggu setelah lahir. Tipe ini bisa menyebabkan patah tulang yang banyak sebelum bayi lahir, lengan dan tungkai menjadi sangat pendek, dada kecil, serta tulang tengkorak lunak.

  1. Tipe III

Tipe ini sering menyebabkan bayi patah tulang saat lahir, membuatnya memiliki disabilitas atau keterbatasan fisik yang berat. Bisa terjadi kelainan bentuk pada tulang punggung juga yang menyebabkan postur tubuh pendek. OI tipe III bisa disertai dengan kelainan bawaan lahir lainnya.

  1. Tipe IV

Anak-anak dengan OI tipe IV biasanya mengalami patah tulang pertama sebelum pubertas, dan dapat mengalami perubahan bentuk tulang abnormal yang ringan hingga sedang.

 

Penyebab

Osteogenesis imperfekta terjadi karena mutasi genetik pada gen COL1A1 atau COL1A2. Perubahan gen yang abnormal ini bisa terjadi secara spontan tanpa sebab yang jelas, atau diturunkan dari salah satu maupun kedua orang tua.

Sebagian besar anak dengan OI memiliki mutasi pada satu atau dua gen yang membantu dalam membentuk kolagen. Kolagen adalah protein pada tulang dan jaringan ikat seperti tendon, kulit dan sklera mata. Karena mutasi genetik ini, kolagen menjadi tidak normal dan tulang menjadi lemah.

Ada beberapa orang tua yang mewariskan gen abnormal pada anaknya tanpa mengetahui bahwa mereka memiliki gen tersebut. Mereka tidak mengalami osteogenesis imperfekta, namun bisa jadi ketika gen tersebut diwariskan pada anaknya, anak mengalami penyakit tersebut.

 

Kami juga memiliki artikel mengenai patah tulang yang bisa Anda baca di sini: Fraktur - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Faktor Risiko

Tidak ada kecenderungan jenis kelamin pada penyakit ini. Seorang anak lebih berisiko terlahir dengan osteogenesis imperfekta bila ada anggota keluarga yang juga mengalami penyakit ini. Bila orang tua memiliki gen yang abnormal, gen tersebut juga bisa diturunkan pada anaknya.

 

Gejala

Keluhan yang bisa muncul dari penyakit ini dapat sangat bervariasi pada setiap tipenya, keparahan gejala juga beragam mulai dari ringan sampai berat. Bahkan dalam satu keluarga, gejala yang dirasakan serta usia terjadinya patah tulang bisa berbeda. 

Gejala yang dapat timbul dari osteogenesis imperfekta meliputi:

  • Tulang yang mudah patah.
  • Kelainan bentuk tulang, seperti tulang dada membesar, dan tungkai atau tulang punggung yang melengkung.
  • Nyeri pada tulang.
  • Perubahan warna pada sklera atau bagian putih mata menjadi berwarna biru.
  • Dada yang menggembung atau seperti gentong (barrel-shaped chest)
  • Kelengkungan tulang belakang yang abnormal
  • Wajah berbentuk segitiga, bagian bawah wajah menjadi tipis dan seperti segitiga.
  • Sendi menjadi longgar dan otot melemah.
  • Perawakan tubuh pendek.

Selain keluhan di atas, karena osteogenesis imperfekta memengaruhi kolagen, dapat timbul keluhan lain seperti:

  • Gangguan pendengaran saat dewasa muda.
  • Gigi lunak, lemah dan berubah warna.
  • Kesulitan bernapas.
  • Kulit mudah memar.

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan menanyakan beberapa pertanyaan mengenai riwayat kesehatan dan penyakit dari anak Anda, keluarga Anda, riwayat kehamilan dan persalinan dari ibu, serta gejala yang anak alami. Dokter akan memeriksa anak terkait keluhan yang dialami dan bagaimana pengaruhnya pada tubuh. 

Dokter akan merujuk Anda ke spesialis yang ahli dalam mendiagnosis dan mengobati osteogenesis imperfekta. Sebagai contoh, bayi Anda dapat dirujuk ke dokter spesialis genetik atau bedah tulang (ortopedi). Ada beberapa pemeriksaan penunjang yang dapat direkomendasikan olah dokter, yaitu:

  • Pemeriksaan genetik untuk mendeteksi adanya mutasi genetik pada anak.
  • Pemeriksaan kepadatan tulang untuk mengukur kadar mineral yang ada di tulang.
  • Pencitraan seperti rontgen sinar X, ultrasonografi, atau DEXA scan (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) sangat bermanfaat untuk melihat kelainan pada tulang.

 

Tata Laksana

Dokter akan merekomendasikan terapi terbaik berdasarkan pada:

  • Usia dan kondisi anak saat ini.
  • Riwayat kesehatan dan penyakit anak secara keseluruhan.
  • Seberapa berat gejala yang dialami.
  • Batas toleransi anak terhadap obat-obatan atau terapi tertentu, apakah ada efek samping berat yang terjadi.
  • Preferensi keluarga terkait pengobatan yang akan dijalani.

Terapi akan difokuskan pada gejala spesifik yang muncul dengan jelas pada setiap pasien. Tujuan pengobatan osteogenesis imperfekta adalah untuk mencegah kelainan bentuk tulang dan patah tulang. Selain itu, pengobatan dilakukan untuk menjaga agar pasien bisa bergerak dan berjalan dengan baik, serta memperkuat otot dan tulang. 

Tata laksana yang diberikan bisa berupa:

  • Terapi dengan bifosfonat untuk meningkatkan kekuatan dan massa tulang, serta mencegah agar anak tidak sering mengalami patah tulang.
  • Latihan dan terapi fisik untuk memperkuat otot, membuat agar tulang tidak mudah patah, meningkatkan kapasitas tulang untuk menahan beban, serta menurunkan kejadian patah tulang.
  • Perawatan patah tulang hingga prosedur bedah jika tulang patah berulang-kali, atau tulang sampai berubah bentuk menjadi lebih berat.
  • Prosedur gigi bisa dilakukan untuk memperbaiki abnormalitas yang ada pada gigi dan rahang.
  • Pemeriksaan rutin terutama untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pendengaran, tulang belakang, fungsi paru dan jantung.
  • Alat bantu seperti kursi roda dapat dibutuhkan seiring peningkatan usia agar mereka bisa beraktivitas mandiri di kemudian hari.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi dapat memengaruhi sebagian besar organ tubuh pada anak dengan osteogenesis imperfekta. Risiko anak mengalami komplikasi tergantung pada tipe dan tingkat keparahan OI. Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi meliputi:

  • Infeksi saluran napas, seperti pneumonia.
  • Gangguan jantung seperti gangguan fungsi katup jantung.
  • Batu ginjal.
  • Gangguan persendian.
  • Gangguan pendengaran.
  • Gangguan penglihatan atau kelainan pada mata.

 

Pencegahan

Oleh karena OI adalah kelainan genetik, Anda dapat melakukan pemeriksaan genetik untuk mengetahui bila Anda adalah carrier dari gen yang bermutasi untuk anak atau tidak. 

Jika Anda atau pasangan Anda memiliki OI atau memiliki keluarga dengan OI, maka sebaiknya Anda berkonsultasi dengan konselor genetik. Mereka dapat memberi pandangan mengenai risiko anak Anda akan terkena OI.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Hubungi dokter bila anak Anda mengalami patah tulang yang terus berulang, terutama bila patah tulang terjadi tanpa sebab yang jelas seperti misalnya kecelakaan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 11:09

Osteogenesis imperfecta (2022) Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Johns Hopkins Medicine. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/osteogenesis-imperfecta (Accessed: November 17, 2022). 

Osteogenesis imperfecta: Types, symptoms & management (2021) Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15807-osteogenesis-imperfecta-oi (Accessed: November 17, 2022). 

Osteogenesis imperfecta (2021) NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Available at: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/osteogenesis-imperfecta/ (Accessed: November 17, 2022).

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new6.09msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new138msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 08:59:55' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 08:59:55
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new13.69msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 635 where `id` = 5666
      Bindings
      • 0: 635
      • 1: 5666
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new7.61msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5666, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 08:59:55', '2025-04-07 08:59:55')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5666
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 08:59:55
      • 8: 2025-04-07 08:59:55
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8040 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8040
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3929 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3929
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5409 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5409
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7410 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7410
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2941 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2941
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6014 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6014
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9653 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9653
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5098 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5098
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2986 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2986
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4113 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4113
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4047 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4047
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4231 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4231
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new710μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new960μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    105Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        2IGVdmCwbIrhAT97W0RYIfwmX6F2gjJSnF9eLa6a
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/osteogenesis-imperfekta" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
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        /healthpedia-penyakit/osteogenesis-imperfekta
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "2IGVdmCwbIrhAT97W0RYIfwmX6F2gjJSnF9eLa6a" "laravel_session" => "Bw4XukXnDStfe9fUlVXbN2JTukTxdGVwOoWhrkqK" ]
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