Kalus (Kapalan)

Kalus (Kapalan)
Ilustrasi kapalan pada telapak kaki.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Kalus atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah kapalan adalah penebalan pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh tekanan atau gesekan pada permukaan kulit terluar. Pada kapalan, terjadi penebalan area kulit yang berbatas jelas di lapisan terluar kulit (epidermis), dengan inti pusat pada area kulit yang menebal. Biasanya penebalan ini berukuran cukup lebar dan memiliki bentuk yang tidak beraturan atau lebih menyebar.

Kalus atau kapalan dapat timbul di mana saja, terutama pada bagian tubuh yang sering menerima gesekan atau berulang. Tekanan atau gesekan berulang pada lapisan kulit luar menjadi stres mekanis yang dapat menimbulkan pembentukan kapalan. Oleh karena itu, kapalan biasanya muncul pada kaki terutama tonjolan tulang pada kaki yang menggesek sepatu bagian dalam, atau ujung jari tangan. 

Kejadian kapalan biasa dialami oleh populasi lanjut usia. Hal ini diduga karena lapisan terluar kulit yaitu lapisan epidermis mengalami banyak perubahan seiring bertambahnya usia, sehingga kulit menjadi lebih tipis dan kering. Hal ini membuat penebalan kulit rentan terjadi terhadap tekanan atau gesekan yang berulang pada lansia sebagai bentuk kompensasi pelindung lapisan kulit. Kapalan yang terasa nyeri paling banyak dirasakan oleh seseorang yang berusia lebih dari 65 tahun di negara barat. 

Tata laksana dari kapalan biasanya berpusat pada meringankan gejala dan memodifikasi gaya hidup untuk mencegah terjadinya kapalan di masa depan.

 

Penyebab

Kapalan, terutama pada area kaki, dapat disebabkan oleh gesekan atau tekanan yang berasal dari:

  • Sepatu yang tidak sesuai ukuran atau cenderung lebih kecil dari ukuran kaki
  • Tulang kaki yang tidak berada dalam posisi normal
  • Aktivitas fisik yang terlalu sering dilakukan
  • Berdiri, berjalan, atau berlari dalam waktu lama
  • Berjalan dengan postur tubuh yang tidak tepat, seperti berjalan dengan menopang terlalu berat pada tepi bagian dalam atau luar kaki Anda

Kapalan yang terjadi pada area tangan bisa diakibatkan oleh:

  • Olahraga angkat beban
  • Bermain instrumen musik
  • Penggunaan alat-alat perkakas rumah
  • Bermain tenis
  • Berkebun
  • Pekerjaan/aktivitas lainnya yang menggunakan tangan sebagai tumpuan utama

Adanya tekanan yang berulang pada area spesifik di lapisan terluar kulit akan menyebabkan suatu kondisi yang dikenal dengan penebalan sel kulit (hiperkeratosis). Hiperkeratosis adalah respon fisiologis normal yang melindungi kulit akibat tekanan atau gesekan yang berulang. Akan tetapi, hiperkeratosis akan menjadi penyakit apabila seseorang mengalami rasa nyeri. Rasa nyeri yang muncul diakibatkan oleh inti area kapalan dapat menekan struktur sel saraf nyeri yang berada di bawahnya.

 

Faktor Risiko

Beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan kerentanan untuk terjadinya kapalan, di antaranya:

  • Seseorang yang aktif melakukan olahraga harian
  • Memakai sepatu yang tidak sesuai dengan ukuran kakinya
  • Sering memakai sepatu hak tinggi
  • Tidak memakai kaus kaki saat menggunakan sepatu
  • Memiliki masalah atau gangguan terkait bentuk kaki
  • Tidak menggunakan pelindung tangan ketika bekerja saat menggunakan alat perkakas dapat membuat kulit tangan Anda terkena gesekan yang berlebihan
  • Musisi atau orang-orang yang rutin memainkan alat musik
  • Pekerjaan yang menggunakan tangan sebagai alat utama

Jenis kelamin perempuan lebih sering mengalami kapalan kemungkinan karena penggunaan sepatu yang ukurannya yang tidak pas atau lebih sempit dari yang seharusnya. Selain itu, penderita diabetes melitus mudah mengalami luka pada area kaki, sehingga bila kaki mereka sering mengalami gesekan berulang akan rentan memiliki kapalan. Orang-orang dengan kelainan berjalan (gait abnormality) juga memiliki peningkatan risiko untuk mengalami pembentukan kapalan.

Area kaki terutama bagian telapak kaki sisi samping pada sendi antar jari ke-5, area antara ibu jari kaki dan tumit adalah area kaki yang paling rentan memiliki kapalan. Hal ini diperkirakan karena banyaknya tekanan yang berulang pada area tersebut di kaki dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

 

Gejala

Kapalan umumnya tidak menimbulkan gejala atau rasa nyeri yang minimal. Kulit yang kapalan dapat terasa tebal dan keras saat diraba. Area kulit yang menebal dan keras dapat ditemukan di tangan, kaki, atau area lainnya yang sering terkena gesekan atau tekanan.

Permukaan kulit pada kapalan cenderung berwarna kekuningan, kering dan berkerak. Biasanya area kulit tersebut juga dapat berdarah  atau lecet apabila terkena gesekan atau tekanan yang berulang-ulang dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Kepekaan terhadap sentuhan pada area kulit yang menebal menjadi berkurang dibandingkan kulit di sekitarnya

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis kalus (kapalan) adalah diagnosis klinis, artinya dokter dapat menetapkan diagnosis kapalan melalui wawancara medis khusus dan pemeriksaan fisik, yang pada umumnya dilakukan dengan memeriksa tampilan penebalan kulit di area tangan atau kaki. Umumnya kapalan tidak memerlukan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan laboratorium dalam rangka menetapkan diagnosis pasti dari penyakit kalus (kapalan).

Wawancara medis yang dilakukan oleh dokter meliputi:

  • Gejala yang dirasakan
  • Pola aktivitas fisik harian
  • Bagaimana pemakaian sepatu dan kaus kaki sebagai alas kaki
  • Pengobatan yang sudah dilakukan di rumah

Sebaiknya Anda beritahu dokter bila Anda pernah mengalami kapalan sebelumnya. Informasi seperti kapan pertama kali gejala muncul juga akan membantu dokter dalam mendiagnosis dan menentukan penanganan terbaik pada saat pasien pertama kali diperiksa oleh dokter.

 

Tata Laksana

Penanganan pada kasus kapalan perlu dilakukan setelah mengetahui penyebab pasti yang menimbulkan kapalan. Terapi utama callus biasanya dengan menghindari gesekan atau tekanan berulang yang menyebabkan kapalan semakin berkembang. 

Jika Anda tidak memiliki masalah kesehatan yang mendasarinya (diabetes atau kondisi lain yang menyebabkan aliran darah buruk), cobalah beberapa langkah ini untuk membantu mengatasi callus:

1. Gunakan Plester (Pads)

Anda bisa menggunakan plester atau pad yang dijual bebas untuk melindungi area di mana kapalan berkembang. Berhati-hatilah menggunakan cairan pengelupas kalus yang dijual bebas (tanpa resep dokter) atau plester yang mengandung obat, karena benda tersebut mengandung asam salisilat, yang dapat mengiritasi kulit yang sehat dan menyebabkan infeksi, terutama pada penderita diabetes atau kondisi lain yang menyebabkan aliran darah yang buruk.

2. Rendam Tangan atau Kaki Anda

Merendam tangan atau kaki Anda dalam air sabun hangat dapat melembutkan kapalan. Hal ini dapat mempermudah untuk menghilangkan kulit yang menebal.

3. Menipiskan Kulit yang Menebal

Selama atau setelah mandi, gosok kapalan dengan batu apung atau kain lap untuk membantu menghilangkan lapisan kulit yang mengeras. Jangan gunakan benda tajam untuk memotong kulit. Jangan gunakan batu apung jika Anda menderita diabetes.

4. Melembabkan Kulit Anda 

Oleskan pelembab ke tangan dan kaki Anda untuk membantu menjaga kulit tetap lembut.

5. Kenakan Sepatu dan Kaus Kaki yang Nyaman 

Tetap gunakan sepatu dan kaus kaki yang pas dan empuk sampai kapalan Anda hilang.

 

Pada beberapa kasus medis seperti hammertoe (kelainan bentuk jari kaki), kondisi ini rentan memiliki kapalan akibat bentuk jari kaki dan tekanan yang berulang pada kaki. Proses pembedahan dapat menjadi pilihan yang dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki kelainan bentuk sendi sehingga kejadian kapalan juga sekaligus dapat teratasi.

Selain itu, pada aktivitas-aktivitas yang memberikan gesekan atau tekanan berulang pada tangan, seperti olahraga angkat beban serta berkebun, disarankan untuk menggunakan sarung tangan saat beraktivitas. Sarung tangan dapat melindungi tangan dari gesekan berulang sehingga risiko terjadinya kapalan dapat berkurang.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi yang dapat timbul akibat kapalan cukup jarang terjadi. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, kapalan yang ada rentan terserang infeksi, sehingga disarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pada kaki secara rutin untuk mengetahui apakah ada infeksi sejak dini. Apabila kapalan yang ada mengalami luka, disarankan untuk diperiksa secara langsung kepada tenaga kesehatan terdekat.

 

Pencegahan

Setelah mengenali beberapa faktor risiko yang anda miliki, langkah berikutnya adalah perbaikan faktor risiko yang dapat diperbaiki. Berikut langkah-langkah yang dapat anda lakukan:

  • Pakailah pelindung jari (finger guard) selama menulis pada jari yang rentan atau mengalami kapalan.
  • Pakailah sarung tangan khusus selama melakukan olahraga angkat beban.
  • Pakailah sarung tangan kerja pada kalus yang diakibatkan oleh pekerjaan fisik dan berkebun.
  • Pakailah sarung tangan yang tebal pada kalus yang diakibatkan oleh olahraga, contohnya kasti.
  • Sering menggunakan pelembap pada tangan terutama sesaat setelah mandi.
  • Gunakan sepatu dengan ukuran yang sesuai dengan ukuran kaki, tidak terlalu kekecilan atau terlalu ketat.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda memiliki kondisi medis berupa penyakit diabetes melitus dan tampak salah satu dari hal-hal berikut, yaitu:

  • Kapalan atau luka pada kaki
  • Kapalan tidak membaik setelah diberikan obat-obatan
  • Kapalan terasa nyeri, kemerahan, hangat saat diraba, atau adanya aliran nanah dari area tersebut
  • Kapalan yang ada menimbulkan gejala baru

Sebaiknya Anda memeriksakan diri lebih lanjut ke dokter spesialis kulit dan kelamin (Sp.KK) atau spesialis dermatologi dan venerologi (Sp.DV). Dokter akan melakukan wawancara medis, pemeriksaan fisik, hingga pemeriksaan penunjang tertentu untuk menetapkan diagnosis pasti dan tata laksana yang tepat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Apri Haryono Hafid
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 28 Oktober 2024 | 14:23

University of Rochester Medical Center. Calluses and corns. May 2022. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P00271

Healthline. Calluses on hands. October 2020. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/calluses-on-hands

Medline Plus. Corns and calluses. August 2016. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html

Medline Plus. Corns and calluses. May 2021. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001232.htm

Al Aboud AM, Yarrarapu SNS. Corns. [Updated 2022 Apr 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470374/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.66msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5812 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5812
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new145msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 11:28:34' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 11:28:34
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new12.39msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1496 where `id` = 3733
      Bindings
      • 0: 1496
      • 1: 3733
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new7.59msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3733, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 11:28:34', '2025-04-06 11:28:34')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3733
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 11:28:34
      • 8: 2025-04-06 11:28:34
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 35 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 35
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4006 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4006
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1726 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1726
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.27msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9613 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9613
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3628 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3628
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2238 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2238
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6947 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6947
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4386 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4386
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3579 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3579
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3720 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3720
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3164 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3164
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3485 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3485
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3557 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3557
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new960μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    85Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        KaWAoOSDGzje5gEHub00BI1Ckd5R1qE3fvtLXzrG
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/kalus-kapalan" ]
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/kalus-kapalan
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "KaWAoOSDGzje5gEHub00BI1Ckd5R1qE3fvtLXzrG" "laravel_session" => "UW2zWsxYrQCo6rMZZOztyjkOw1HWH29hFsN8vAqX" ]
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