Drug-induced Tremor

Drug-induced Tremor
Tremor yang timbul terjadi sebagai respon sistem saraf dan otot akibat pengobatan.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Drug-induced tremor adalah tremor yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi obat. Tremor adalah pergerakan bagian tubuh yang ritmik dan tidak dapat dikontrol. Tremor terlihat seperti gemetar, umumnya muncul ketika pasien sedang menggerakkan anggota tubuhnya, walaupun tremor bisa muncul selama pasien beristirahat.

Gerakan yang disebabkan oleh tremor biasanya terjadi cepat. Umumnya tremor yang muncul tidak diasosiasikan dengan gejala lain. Drug-induced tremor adalah kondisi medis terkait gerakan yang sering ditemukan, bisa disebabkan oleh obat antipsikotik, antikejang, dan antidepresi. Beberapa obat tertentu bisa menyebabkan tremor atau memperburuk keluhan tremor yang Anda derita, bila Anda menderita penyakit Parkinson atau penyakit serupa lain.

 

Penyebab

Drug-induced tremor bisa disebabkan oleh respon sistem saraf dan otot terhadap obat-obatan tertentu, atau sebagai akibat dari withdrawal atau putus obat/alkohol. Drug-induced tremor juga bisa memperburuk kondisi tremor yang sudah diderita pasien. 

Obat-obatan yang dapat menyebabkan tremor adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Obat antikejang yang digunakan dalam terapi epilepsi dan ganguan bipolar adalah salah satu obat tersering yang bisa menyebabkan tremor. Contohnya adalah asam valproat atau divalproex sodium.
  • Obat bronkodilator untuk melebarkan saluran napas pada penderita asma seperti teofilin dan salbutamol.
  • Obat penekan sistem imun (imunosupresan) yang diberikan pada penerima transplantasi organ.
  • Antidepresan dan obat mood stabilizer tertentu.
  • Stimulan seperti kafein dan amfetamin.
  • Beberapa jenis antivirus (asiklovir, dll.) dan antibiotik.
  • Alkohol dan nikotin.
  • Beberapa obat penurun tekanan darah dan obat jantung.
  • Konsumsi obat tiroid berlebihan (levotiroksin)
  • Tetrabenazin, obat yang digunakan untuk menangani kelainan gerakan berlebih
  • Epinefrin dan norepinefrin.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko tremor disebabkan obat adalah orang-orang yang mengonsumsi obat-obatan di atas. Namun, beberapa individu lebih berisiko mengalami drug-induced tremor dibandingkan orang lain, misalnya seperti:

  • Orang lanjut usia.
  • Jenis kelamin pria.
  • Kondisinya mengharuskan untuk mengonsumsi banyak obat minimal 5.
  • Menerima obat dosis tinggi.

 

Gejala

Gejala tremor ini dapat memengaruhi tangan, lengan, kepala, atau kelopak mata. Pengaruh obat-obatan ke tubuh bagian bawah jarang terjadi. Bisa ditemukan gejala seperti mengangguk-anggukkan kepala atau suara yang bergetar saat berbicara.

Tremor umumnya terjadi cepat dan terjadi pada salah satu sisi tubuh, atau menyerang kedua sisi tubuh namun dalam intensitas yang berbeda. Tremor dapat terjadi secara:

  • Episodik, terjadi sewaktu-waktu, biasanya satu jam setelah mengonsumsi obat.
  • Intermiten, hilang dan kambuh dengan aktivitas walaupun tidak selalu.
  • Sporadik atau terjadi sewaktu-waktu.

Jenis tremor yang muncul beragam, bisa muncul saat pasien menggerakkan anggota geraknya atau selama pasien beristirahat atau saat otot berelaksasi. Drug-induced tremor umumnya menyerupai tremor esensial atau tremor parkinson, tergantung dengan obat penyebab.

 

Diagnosis

Wawancara Medis dan Pemeriksaan Fisik

Penegakan diagnosis biasanya akan dimulai saat dokter menanyai Anda mengenai gejala yang Anda alami dan riwayat penyakit. Pencatatan setiap obat yang Anda konsumsi sangat membantu penegakan diagnosis. Anda juga dapat mengatakan pada dokter mengenai seberapa sering tremor terjadi. Kecepatan tremor juga dapat membantu dokter mencari obat penyebab.

Beberapa ciri drug-induced tremor yang membedakannya dengan penyakit Parkinson adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Gejala terjadi pada kedua sisi tubuh, sementara pada penyakit Parkinson biasanya tremor hanya menyerang salah satu sisi tubuh.
  • Gejala berhenti setelah Anda berhenti mengonsumsi suatu obat. Sementara itu, Parkinson adalah penyakit yang bersifat kronis (jangka waktu panjang) dan progresif (semakin lama semakin sakit).
  • Tidak ada penurunan fungsi otak pada drug-induced tremor, berbeda dengan penyakit Parkinson yang disebabkan oleh penurunan fungsi pada daerah otak yang spesifik.

 

Pemeriksaan Laboratorium

Dokter juga mungkin akan menyingkirkan kemungkinan diagnosis lainnya dengan tes darah. Tes darah ini dapat mendeteksi adanya masalah kimiawi pada darah Anda. Masalah pada tiroid juga dapat menyebabkan tremor, sehingga dokter dapat mengecek jumlah hormon tiroid pada darah Anda.

 

Pencitraan

Selain itu, pemeriksaan pencitraan dapat pula dilakukan. Pencitraan ini dapat berupa computed tomographic scan (CT scan) atau magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pencitraan dilakukan oleh komputer dan memberi dokter gambaran otak Anda. Pencitraan dapat membantu dokter menyingkirkan diagnosis terkait kerusakan otak yang berpotensi menyebabkan tremor.

 

Tata Laksana

Untuk mengatasi tremor yang muncul akibat obat, dokter dapat meminta Anda memberhentikan obat yang menyebabkan tremor. Namun, Anda perlu berdiskusi dengan dokter mengenai konsekuensi pemberhentian obat terhadap penyakit Anda. Dokter juga dapat menyarankan terapi lainnya yang tidak menyebabkan atau lebih jarang menyebabkan tremor. Gejala Anda mungkin tidak akan langsung hilang setelah pemberhentian obat. Gejala biasanya akan hilang dalam 4-18 bulan.

Umumnya dokter akan mengevaluasi Anda, apakah Anda memerlukan pengobatan tambahan atau tidak. Hal-hal yang dievaluasi adalah:

  • Dampak fungsional dari tremor.
  • Efek samping yang muncul bersamaan dengan tremor.
  • Apakah pasien mau meminum obat tambahan atau menghentikan konsumsi obat yang diduga menyebabkan tremor.

Bila tremor diduga muncul akibat bahan eksternal lain dan tidak ada bukti pasti bahwa tremor disebabkan oleh obat, perlu dipertimbangkan adanya kemungkinan pasien keracunan akibat sejumlah toksin.

Umumnya drug-induced tremor akan membaik setelah obat penyebab tremor dihentikan konsumsinya. Anda disarankan untuk memberhentikan penggunaan obat yang menyebabkan tremor hanya setelah Anda berdiskusi dengan dokter. Anda dapat berkonsultasi mengenai penggunaan alternatif obat lainnya atau menurunkan dosis obat Anda. 

 

Komplikasi

Tremor yang parah dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, misalnya aktivitas motorik halus seperti menulis hingga makan dan/atau minum. Selain itu, orang dengan tremor dapat pula mengalami stres akibat malu karena kondisinya, apa lagi bila tremor terjadi di tempat umum.

Drug-induced tremor umumnya akan hilang setelah obat penyebab dihentikan. Namun, pada beberapa orang bisa ditemukan kasus tremor persisten (tremor tardive). Kondisi ini bisa terjadi setelah terapi obat antipsikotik dalam waktu lama dan tidak terlalu diketahui dengan baik.

 

Pencegahan

Anda dapat mencegah tremor dengan memberitahu dokter segala obat-obatan yang sedang Anda konsumsi, serta meminta saran dokter untuk menambahkan obat-obatan baru yang tidak memerlukan resep dokter. Obat-obatan stimulan yang mengandung teofilin harus digunakan secara hati-hati.

Selain itu, Anda dapat menghindari konsumsi kafein untuk mencegah perburukan gejala. Kafein ada pada kopi, teh, dan beberapa jenis soda. Kafein dapat meningkatkan aktivitas otot sehingga menaikkan tremor. Tremor tidak mengancam nyawa, namun dapat membuat Anda malu ketika terjadi di tempat umum. Anda mungkin dapat mempertimbangkan untuk masuk ke kelompok dukungan sambil menunggu gejala Anda berhenti.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Anda dapat berkunjung ke dokter apabila Anda mengonsumsi obat yang berpotensi menyebabkan tremor. Selain itu, Anda dapat berkunjung apabila tremor sangat mengganggu aktivitas Anda sehari-hari. Anda juga dapat berkunjung ke dokter apabila tremor disertai dengan gejala lainnya. Dokter akan menanyakan riwayat penyakit Anda dan memastikan tidak ada kerusakan otak atau organ lainnya yang berpotensi menyebabkan tremor, misalnya masalah tiroid, Parkinson, masalah otak kecil, atau tremor fungsional (tremor yang terjadi tanpa penyebab).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Teresia Putri
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 6 September 2024 | 09:04

Baizabal-Carvallo, J., & Morgan, J. (2022). Drug-induced tremor, clinical features, diagnostic approach and management. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences, 435, 120192. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2022.120192.

Shelat, A., Zieve, D., & Conaway, B. (2020). Drug-induced tremor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000765.htm.

Wint, C., & Legg, T. (2017). Drug-Induced Tremor: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatments. Healthline. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/drug-induced-tremor.

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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new760μsselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new110msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 00:32:23' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 00:32:23
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.75msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 812 where `id` = 5180
      Bindings
      • 0: 812
      • 1: 5180
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new13.66msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5180, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 00:32:24', '2025-04-07 00:32:24')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5180
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 00:32:24
      • 8: 2025-04-07 00:32:24
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 25 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 25
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7664 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7664
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 95 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 95
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new770μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2132 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2132
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2463 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2463
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9925 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9925
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1764 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1764
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7557 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7557
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2019 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2019
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2087 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2087
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2096 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2096
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2230 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2230
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1920 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1920
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new700μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new660μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new990μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    76Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        2P1ih5zIzRJX7864wNGUYgBXE6VB3D3Wd92GQSnF
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/drug-induced-tremor" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/drug-induced-tremor
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.221.200.48" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.221.200.48" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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