Dermatitis Perioral

Dermatitis Perioral
Credit: Balmonds. Gambaran ruam kulit di sekitar mulut dan bibir.

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Definisi

Dermatitis perioral adalah ruam akibat peradangan yang terjadi pada kulit di sekitar mulut. Ruam dapat menyebar ke hidung atau bahkan ke mata. Dermatitis perioral biasanya muncul sebagai ruam bersisik atau bintik kecil kemerahan. Pada kulit yang lebih gelap, ruam dapat berwarna gelap atau coklat. Lepuh yang muncul juga berisi air, sehingga dapat keluar cairan bening. Selain itu, ada juga sedikit rasa gatal dan terbakar yang mungkin timbul. 

Dermatitis perioral paling sering terjadi pada wanita berusia antara 20-45 tahun, namun dapat terjadi juga pada pria, anak-anak dan lansia. Orang-orang dari berbagai ras dan kalangan dapat mengalami dermatitis perioral. Dermatitis perioral ada yang dapat berlangsung berminggu-minggu bahkan berbulan-bulan. Umumnya penyakit ini bisa kambuh, namun bisa juga sembuh setelah penyebabnya dihilangkan.

 

Penyebab

Dermatitis perioral bukanlah penyakit menular. Penyebab dermatitis perioral belum diketahui dengan pasti, diduga terkait dengan beragam faktor lingkungan.

Penggunaan Kortikosteroid

Penyebab lain yang diduga berkaitan dengan kondisi ini adalah penggunaan obat krim atau salep steroid yang kuat, yang awalnya digunakan dalam pengobatan penyakit lain. Penggunaan obat steroid dalam jangka waktu lama dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan dan bila dihentikan tiba-tiba juga dapat menimbulkan erupsi atau gangguan kulit. Obat semprotan hidung dan obat hirup yang mengandung kortikosteroid juga dapat memicu dermatitis perioral. Mekanisme pasti dari hal ini masih belum dipahami dengan baik, diduga obat steroid kulit dapat memengaruhi flora normal pada folikel rambut.

 

Bahan Tertentu Kosmetik

Bahan-bahan tertentu dalam kosmetik, pembersih wajah, atau produk perawatan kulit tertentu juga berperan menyebabkan dermatitis perioral. Krim kulit yang mengandung petroleum jelly atau berbahan dasar parafin dapat menyebabkan atau memperburuk gejala dermatitis perioral. Zat lainnya yang menjadi penyebab umum dermatitis perioral adalah zat fluoride dan sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

 

Penyebab Lain

Berikut adalah beberapa hal yang diduga menjadi penyebab lain dari dermatitis perioral:

  • Mengalami infeksi bakteri atau jamur di area wajah
  • Keluar air liur terus-menerus
  • Menggunakan pasta gigi berflourinasi
  • Menggunakan pil KB
  • Menggunakan beberapa tabir surya

 

Faktor Risiko

Beberapa orang akan lebih rentan atau berisiko terkena dermatitis perioral. Faktor risiko tersebut meliputi:

  • Jenis kelamin, wanita lebih berisiko dibandingkan laki-laki seusianya
  • Remaja dan usia tengah baya
  • Menggunakan krim steroid atau salep pada wajah
  • Memiliki riwayat alergi
  • Mengalami ketidakseimbangan hormon

 

Gejala

Dermatitis perioral biasanya muncul sebagai ruam dan bintik merah di sekitar mulut serta di lipatan sekitar hidung. Bintik dan lepuh kulit bisa terlihat bersisik. Ruam, bintik dan lepuhan juga dapat muncul di bawah mata, dahi, atau dagu. Lepuhan kecil ini bisa berisi nanah ataupun cairan. Terkadang keluhan kulit pada dermatitis perioral dapat menyerupai jerawat. Anda juga mungkin akan merasa gatal atau rasa terbakar pada ruam, terutama saat ruam memburuk.

 

Diagnosis

Dokter atau dokter kulit dapat mendiagnosis dermatitis perioral melalui pemeriksaan kulit, keluhan dan gejala pasien, serta riwayat kesehatan pasien. Pada kondisi tertentu bila diperlukan, dokter juga dapat melakukan tes kultur kulit untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan infeksi. Pada tes ini, dokter mengambil sampel sejumlah kecil kulit yang terkena. Dokter lalu mengirim sampel tersebut ke laboratorium untuk diuji apakah terdapat infeksi bakteri atau jamur. Dokter juga dapat melakukan biopsi kulit, terutama jika ruam tidak merespon terhadap pengobatan standar.

 

Tata Laksana

American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD) merekomendasikan untuk menghentikan penggunaan krim steroid atau semprotan hidung yang mengandung steroid jika memungkinkan karena obat steroid dapat memperburuk gejala dermatitis perioral. Namun, perlu dikonsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter sebelum menghentikan obat apa pun. Terkadang, menghentikan penggunaan krim steroid secara tiba-tiba dapat menyebabkan efek samping. Pada kasus ini, dokter akan menyarankan untuk menghentikan obat secara perlahan.

Dokter akan menentukan pengobatan berdasarkan tingkat keparahan penyakit. Pada beberapa kasus, menggunakan sabun yang lembut serta menghentikan penggunaan krim kulit dan pasta gigi yang mengandung fluoride dapat meredakan gejala. Obat-obatan juga akan mempercepat penyembuhan. Dokter juga dapat meresepkan krim atau obat minum antibiotik bila peradangan kulit disertai dengan infeksi bakteri, antibiotik yang diresepkan juga sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit.

Melakukan perawatan kulit dan mengatur pola makan adalah bagian dari pengobatan dermatitis perioral dan dapat membantu mencegah kekambuhannya. Lakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

  • Jangan gunakan sabun cuci muka yang mengandung scrub atau pewangi. Cuci muka dengan air hangat selama mengalami kekambuhan. Setelah sembuh, gunakan sabun yang lembut dan jangan menggosok kulit
  • Hindari penggunaan krim steroid tanpa resep dokter
  • Berhenti atau mengurangi penggunaan riasan dan kosmetik
  • Sering-seringlah mencuci sarung bantal dan handuk dengan air panas
  • Batasi makanan yang terlalu asin atau pedas karena dapat mengiritasi kulit di sekitar mulut

Mungkin diperlukan beberapa minggu hingga bulan untuk menyembuhkan dermatitis perioral. Perawatan oleh dokter kulit dan menghindari pemicu seperti kortikosteroid, steroid hirup, atau produk perawatan pribadi lainnya dapat membantu mempercepat penyembuhan dan mencegah kekambuhan. 

 

Komplikasi

Meskipun dermatitis perioral hanya terbatas pada kulit dan tidak mengancam nyawa, masalah emosional dan psikososial dapat terjadi akibat luka yang terbentuk pada wajah dan kemungkinan perjalanan penyakit yang lama sehingga perlu pengobatan jangka panjang. Efek rebound atau munculnya kembali gejala yang sudah terkontrol sering terjadi selama proses penyapihan obat golongan steroid. Fenomena ini jarang terjadi ketika tidak ada penyebab lain yang mendasari.

Terbentuknya bercak lupoid, yaitu bercak mirip penyakit lupus, merupakan tanda dari tahap akhir penyakit ini. Diagnosis dibuat berdasarkan perubahan warna kekuningan pada pemeriksaan diaskopi. Diaskopi adalah pemeriksaan kulit dengan cara menekan area kulit yang terkena menggunakan kaca mikroskop. Jaringan parut juga dapat terbentuk pada dermatitis perioral lupoid. 

 

Pencegahan

Karena faktor risiko dermatitis perioral bervariasi dan penyebabnya belum sepenuhnya dipahami, belum ada cara pasti untuk mencegahnya. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu meringankan atau mencegah perburukan gejala. 

 

Hindari Krim Steroid

Hindari penggunaan krim dan salep steroid, kecuali secara khusus dianjurkan oleh dokter kulit. Jika dokter lain meresepkan krim steroid, pastikan untuk memberi tahu bahwa Anda menderita dermatitis perioral. Secara umum, dermatitis perioral lebih mungkin terjadi jika dipicu oleh krim steroid yang kuat dibandingkan yang memiliki potensi steroid lebih lemah. 

 

Gunakan Kosmetik yang Aman

Hindari menggunakan kosmetik atau krim wajah yang berat. Konsultasi dengan dokter kulit mengenai pelembab yang aman dan cocok untuk kulit Anda. Gunakan pembersih dan pelembab yang lembut.

 

Lindungi Kulit Anda

Batasi waktu kulit Anda terpajan sinar ultraviolet (UV), panas, serta angin karena dapat memperburuk dermatitis perioral. Beberapa obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati dermatitis perioral juga dapat membuat kulit sensitif terhadap sinar matahari. Pastikan untuk melindungi kulit jika berada di bawah sinar matahari untuk waktu yang lama.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Konsultasi dengan dokter jika Anda mengalami gejala peradangan kulit pada area di sekitar bibir atau mulut, dan memiliki faktor risiko seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas. Diagnosa dan penanganan yang tepat dapat mencegah perburukan gejala dan timbulnya komplikasi.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya, cek di sini ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Aprilia Dwi Iriani
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 19 Juli 2024 | 08:39

Kinman T, Gotter A. (2022). Perioral dermatitis: treatment, how to cure, causes, and more. Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/perioral-dermatitis

Kammler HJ. (2020). Perioral dermatitis. Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071128-overview

Perioral dermatitis. (2020). Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/perioral-dermatitis

Perioral Dermatitis. (2020). Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21458-perioral-dermatitis

Burgess, L. (2022). What is perioral dermatitis and how is it treated?. Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322181

Tolaymat, L., Hall, MR. (2021). Perioral Dermatitis. Retrieved 23 March 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525968/

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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.01msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new124msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 00:43:18' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 00:43:18
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new9.65msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 1340 where `id` = 3204
      Bindings
      • 0: 1340
      • 1: 3204
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.43msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 3204, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 00:43:18', '2025-04-07 00:43:18')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3204
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 00:43:18
      • 8: 2025-04-07 00:43:18
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.17msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 27 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 27
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5977 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5977
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8954 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8954
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7721 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7721
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4532 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4532
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9539 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9539
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4847 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4847
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 458 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3806 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3806
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2886 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2886
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3505 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3505
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3533 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3533
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3132 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3132
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new860μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new830μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    143Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        cERhzIWvaiw5h1DHx6264E7f1lLPcbE6NI24c45S
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/dermatitis-perioral" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/dermatitis-perioral
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.119.165.5" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.119.165.5" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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