Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone
Credit: Moffit.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Cortidex, Camidexon, Corsona, Dexahaesen Injection, Dexa-M, Indexon, Kalmethasone, Lanadexon, Licodexon, Molacort, Oradexon, Pycameth dan Scandexon.

 

Cara Kerja

Dexamethasone adalah obat anti-inflamasi atau anti peradangan dengan potensi tinggi dan efeknya bertahan dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Obat ini akan menekan proses peradangan agar gejala peradangan bisa mereda. Dexamethasone bekerja melalui beberapa cara, seperti:

  • Mencegah pergerakan sel darah putih neutrofil menuju lokasi peradangan
  • Mengurangi produksi senyawa mediator peradangan
  • Mencegah permeabilitas pembuluh darah kapiler
  • Menekan respon sistem kekebalan tubuh

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan pada beberapa kondisi medis seperti di bawah ini:

  • Penyakit peradangan
    • Sendi (artritis)
    • Mata
    • Telinga
    • Kulit
  • Kondisi alergi
  • Hiperkalsemia (peningkatan kadar kalsium dalam darah) akibat kanker
  • Penyakit autoimun (berhubungan dengan sel kekebalan tubuh yang balik menyerang sel tubuh yang sehat)

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kontraindikasi penggunaan obat ini, yaitu:

  • Mengalami infeksi jamur dan bakteri yang sudah menyebar ke aliran darah.
  • Adanya kebocoran (perforasi) gendang telinga
  • Mendapat vaksin virus yang hidup atau dilemahkan (vaksin cacar air atau MMR)
  • Memiliki reaksi alergi berat pada dexamethasone

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang bisa terjadi dari penggunaan dexamethasone antara lain:

  • Nyeri ulu hati
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Mengalami peningkatan nafsu makan
  • Jerawat

Selain itu, terdapat juga efek samping serius dari penggunaan obat ini yang perlu Anda perhatikan seperti:

  • Penekanan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang berlebihan
  • Peningkatan risiko terjadinya glaukoma dan katarak pada penggunaan jangka panjang
  • Obesitas
  • Sindrom cushing, terjadi karena peningkatan hormon kortisol yang berlebihan di tubuh
  • Detak jantung meningkat atau menjadi tidak teratur (aritmia)
  • Perubahan suasana hati dan mental
  • Penyembuhan luka melambat
  • Kulit menjadi tipis dan rapuh
  • Kejang
  • Reaksi alergi berlebihan (bengkak, ruam kulit di seluruh tubuh, sesak napas)

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet, kaplet dan obat suntik. Sediaan obat bervariasi mulai dari 0,5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg dan 4 mg.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat tergantung dengan penyakit serta tujuan pengobatannya. Berikut ini adalah dosis obat minum dexamethasone untuk mengatasi peradangan atau sebagai imunosupresan (obat yang menekan atau menurunkan kekuatan sistem kekebalan tubuh).

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis awal 0,5 mg - 9 mg per hari yang dibagi menjadi beberapa dosis.
    • Dosis maksimal 1.5 mg per hari.
    • Dosis dapat disesuaikan dengan penyakit dan respon pasien terhadap obat.
  • Anak
    • Dosis awal 0,02 - 0,3 mg/kgBB yang dibagi menjadi 3 - 4 dosis per hari.
    • Dosis dapat diturunkan atau dinaikkan bergantung dengan beratnya suatu penyakit dan respon anak pada obat.

 

Keamanan

Dexamethasone merupakan obat kategori C dalam kehamilan (studi pada hewan uji coba menimbulkan kecacatan janin, tetapi belum ada studi pada manusia), sehingga dexamethasone dapat diberikan apabila manfaat obat lebih besar dibandingkan risiko yang ditimbulkan. 

Penggunaan obat ini selama menyusui dapat berdampak buruk pada bayi seperti menekan pertumbuhan bayi dan menghambat pembentukan kortikosteroid alamiah pada tubuh janin. Sebaiknya tidak menggunakan obat ini saat menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Konsentrasi obat dexamethasone dalam darah bisa turun bila dikombinasikan dengan obat berikut:
    • Antikejang fenitoin, karbamazepin, barbiturat
    • Antibiotik rifabutin
    • Antituberkulosis rifampisin
  • Konsentrasi dexamethasone dalam darah dapat meningkat jika digunakan dengan obat berikut:
    • Antibiotik eritromisin
    • Antijamur ketokonazol
    • Antivirus ritonavir
  • Penggunaan bersama obat pengencer darah (warfarin) dapat meningkatkan efek pengenceran darah (antikoagulan) dari warfarin.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:13

Johnson, DB., & Lopez, MJ. (2022). Desflurane (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482130/

Dexamethasone – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/dexamethasone?mtype=generic

Dexamethasone – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html

Dexamethasone -Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1027-5021/dexamethasone-oral/dexamethasone-oral/details

Dexamethasone (oral route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/dexamethasone-oral-route/description/drg-20075207

Dexamethasone – Rxlist. (2022). Retrieved 22 July 2022, from https://www.rxlist.com/dexamethasone-drug.htm#precautions

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3682 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3682
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3773 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7914 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7914
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6144 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6144
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9613 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9613
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5124 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5124
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5099 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4414 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6783 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6783
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6635 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6635
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3204 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3204
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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