Kreatinin Urine

Kreatinin Urine
Ilustrasi ginjal.

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Definisi

Pemeriksaan kreatinin urine bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar kreatinin dalam urine Anda. Pemeriksaan ini bisa membantu menilai apakah ginjal masih bekerja dengan baik atau sudah terdapat penurunan fungsi ginjal. 

Kreatinin adalah produk sisa hasil pemecahan yang berasal dari senyawa kreatin, salah satu protein yang digunakan untuk membantu menghasilkan energi pada otot. Kreatin sendiri bisa ditemukan pada berbagai makanan sumber protein seperti daging merah dan ikan laut.

Dari proses metabolisme kreatin, akan terbentuk kreatinin sebagai produk sisa akhir. Kreatinin kemudian dilepas ke dalam aliran darah. Bila ginjal berfungsi dengan normal, kreatinin dan produk sisa metabolisme lainnya akan masuk ke dalam ginjal untuk disaring dan akhirnya dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui urine.

Selain dengan sampel urine, pemeriksaan kreatinin juga bisa diperiksa melalui sampel darah. Umumnya untuk menilai fungsi ginjal, pemeriksaan kreatinin dilakukan bersama dengan pemeriksaan lain yaitu pemeriksaan ureum.

 

Kami juga memiliki artikel mengenai pemeriksaan kreatinin darah yang bisa Anda baca di sini: Kreatinin (Cr) Darah - Indikasi, Kontraindikasi dan Nilai Normal.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan kreatinin urine dapat dilakukan bila terdapat kecurigaan pasien memiliki kondisi tertentu dan untuk tujuan seperti di bawah ini:

  • Membantu dokter menegakkan diagnosis adanya penyakit ginjal jika terdapat gejala seperti:
    • Mudah lelah
    • Pembengkakan pada area kaki
    • Perubahan frekuensi buang air kecil
    • Urine terlihat berbusa atau berwarna merah
    • Nyeri saat buang air kecil
    • Penurunan nafsu makan
    • Kulit kering dan gatal
    • Sulit tidur
    • Kram otot
  • Sebagai skrining pada pasien yang berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan ginjal, seperti pasien diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi atau yang memiliki riwayat gangguan ginjal
  • Memeriksa fungsi ginjal pada gangguan ginjal kronis selama pasien mendapat pengobatan
  • Mengevaluasi ginjal pada pasien yang mendapat terapi obat tertentu dengan efek samping yang bisa memengaruhi kondisi ginjal
  • Sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan medical check-up rutin

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan kreatinin urine, semua orang bisa melakukan pemeriksaan ini.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Anda tidak diharuskan untuk puasa sebelum menjalani pemeriksaan. Anda bisa diminta untuk tidak mengonsumsi makanan tertentu sebelum pemeriksaan. Selain itu, informasikan dokter mengenai obat-obatan yang sedang rutin Anda dapatkan karena ada beberapa obat yang bisa memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan seperti antibiotik sefoksitin dan trimetoprim, obat lambung ranitidin, simetidin, dan famotidin. Beri tahu dokter juga bila Anda sedang hamil.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan 

Pemeriksaan ini akan membutuhkan sampel urine Anda. Walaupun sampel urine bisa diambil kapan saja, pada sebagian besar kasus Anda akan diminta untuk menampung urine dalam durasi 24 jam. Anda akan diberikan wadah khusus untuk menyimpan urine Anda serta instruksi bagaimana cara mengambil dan menyimpan urine.

Catatlah jam pertama kali Anda buang air kecil di pagi hari. Urine yang pertama kali keluar di pagi hari tidak perlu ditampung. Selanjutnya, setiap kali buang air kecil, Anda bisa menampung urine ke dalam wadah khusus tersebut. Cuci tangan dengan bersih sebelum dan setelah mengumpulkan setiap sampel urine. Pada hari kedua, masukkan lagi sampel urine di pagi hari ketika Anda bangun tidur pada wadah. Selama periode tersebut, Anda bisa menyimpan sampel urine tersebut di dalam coolbox dengan es batu.

Setelah periode 24 jam selesai, wadah berisi sampel urine bisa diberikan ke laboratorium untuk diperiksa kadar kreatininnya. Tidak ada resiko terkait pemeriksaan kreatinin urine.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Pada pemeriksaan kreatinin urine, rentang nilai normal bervariasi tergantung usia dan massa otot tubuh Anda. Umumnya kadar kreatinin pada orang yang berotot akan menjadi lebih tinggi. Rentang nilai normal juga berbeda antara pria dan wanita, yaitu:

  • Pria: 14-26 mg/kg massa tubuh per hari, atau 0,8-1,8 gram/hari
  • Wanita: 11-20 mg/kg massa tubuh per hari, atau 0,6-1,6 gram/hari

Nilai normal bisa sedikit bervariasi pada setiap laboratorium. Anda bisa memakai rentang normal yang menjadi acuan dari laboratorium tersebut untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan atau penurunan kadar kreatinin urine Anda. Hasil pemeriksaan dianggap abnormal bila berada di atas atau di bawah batas normal.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin urine yang berada dalam batas normal umumnya menandakan bahwa Anda memiliki fungsi ginjal yang baik dan ginjal masih bekerja secara optimal. Pertahankan kesehatan Anda dengan mengonsumsi gizi yang seimbang dan rutin melakukan aktivitas fisik.

Bila kadar kreatinin urine tidak berada dalam batas normal, hal ini mungkin bisa menjadi tanda adanya penurunan fungsi ginjal atau adanya gangguan pada otot. Di bawah ini adalah hal-hal yang dapat menjadi penyebab kadar kreatinin urine tidak normal, yaitu:

  • Diet tinggi protein atau banyak mengonsumsi daging
  • Gangguan ginjal atau gagal ginjal
  • Infeksi ginjal seperti pielonefritis
  • Batu ginjal yang dapat menyumbat saluran kemih
  • Gangguan pemecahan otot (rabdomiolisis)
  • Miastenia gravis yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan jaringan otot
  • Distrofi otot stadium akhir
  • Diabetes

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Sulit untuk menilai hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin urine bila dilakukan sendiri, sehingga Anda sebaiknya berkonsultasi dengan dokter mengenai hasilnya. Selain dokter umum, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam terkait kondisi Anda. Setelah mengevaluasi gejala yang Anda rasakan serta hasil pemeriksaan Anda, dokter dapat menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan lain untuk menilai fungsi ginjal.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 24 November 2023 | 00:29

Creatinine Tests. (2021). Retrieved 21 November 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine-test/about/pac-20384646

Creatinine Urine Test. (2022). Retrieved 21 November 2022, from https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/creatinine-urine-test

Creatinine Urine Test (Urine 24 Hour Volume Test). (2019). Retrieved 21 November 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/creatinine-clearance

Creatinine (Urine). (2022). Retrieved 21 November 2022, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=creatinine_urine

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      Bindings
      • 0: 492
      • 1: 5679
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new11.98msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5679, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-10 00:19:01', '2025-04-10 00:19:01')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5679
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-10 00:19:01
      • 8: 2025-04-10 00:19:01
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 43 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 43
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8192 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8192
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9930 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9930
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9946 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9946
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9236 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9236
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4500 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4500
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.27msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4398 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4398
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2017 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2017
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4247 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4247
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4013 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4013
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4136 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4136
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4218 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4218
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new580μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new730μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    221Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    5Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        id
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        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
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        200
        
        status_text
        OK
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        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "9ziJCTc5YtpBQYrMhT2C9XC7Z3PFePJfDO5FKwB3" "laravel_session" => "UyDpbqWBS62RF3KA33EOmh4XngoLqgYQlNRSSPZY" ]
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