Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Kenali Gejala dan Penyebabnya

Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Kenali Gejala dan Penyebabnya
Ilustrasi luka pyoderma gangrenosum. Credit: Freepik.

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Pyoderma gangrenosum adalah penyakit langka dimana kulit muncul benjolan atau lepuhan perih berwarna merah. Jika tidak ditangani segera, benjolan ini dapat berkembang menjadi luka yang lebih besar dan menyebabkan munculnya borok. Apa sebenarnya penyeban pyoderma gangrenosum dan bagaimana penanganannya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

Apa Itu Pyoderma Gangrenosum?

Pyoderma gangrenosum adalah kondisi langka yang menyebabkan timbulnya luka besar dan menyakitkan di kulit. Luka ini paling sering terjadi di kaki meskipun dapat muncul di bagian tubuh lainnya. Ukuran dan kedalaman luka dapat bervariasi dan seringkali  disertai rasa nyeri yang hebat.

Pyoderma gangrenosum merupakan penyakit yang cepat berkembang dan dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri yang hebat. Belum diketahui dengan pasti penyebabnya, namun banyak yang mengaitkan kondisi ini dengan kondisi autoimun. Sebagian besar pengidap pyoderma gangrenosum diawali dengan penyakit lainnya seperti radang usus.

Penyakit ini bisa dialami pria dan wanita, namun umumnya lebih sering terjadi pada orang-orang yang berusia di atas 50 tahun. Pyoderma gangrenosum dapat berkembang dengan cepat dan membutuhkan penanganan serius serta dapat kambuh kembali di masa depan. 

Baca Juga: Perawatan untuk Memperbaiki Tekstur Kulit Wajah yang Tidak Rata, Apa Saja?

Gejala Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Pyoderma gangrenosum biasanya muncul secara tiba-tiba, seringkali di lokasi cedera ringan. Gejala pyoderma gangrenosum biasanya diawali dengan munculnya benjolan kecil berwarna merah di kulit yang mirip dengan gigitan laba-laba. Dalam beberapa hari, benjolan ini bisa berkembang menjadi luka terbuka yang besar dan nyeri. 

Ketika benjolan tersebut menjadi luka terbuka, maka luka bisa menjadi semakin dalam dan melebar dengan cepat. Luka pyoderma gangrenosum memiliki ciri khas berupa tepian luka berwarna ungu, bersifat menggerogoti dan biasanya sangat menyakitkan. Beberapa luka dapat berkembang pada waktu yang sama atau selama berbulan-bulan hingga bertahun-tahun.

Jika tidak diobati, tukak akan terus membesar dan sulit sembuh. Luka bisul biasanya muncul di kaki namun dapat tumbuh di mana pun. Pada beberapa kasus, jika muncul beberapa bisul, luka bisul tersebut dapat tumbuh bergabung menjadi satu bisul yang lebih besar.

Baca Juga: Kebiasaan Negatif yang Bikin Kulit Cepat Tua

Penanganan Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Pyoderma gangrenosum perlu ditangani segera karena penyakit ini dapat menyebar dengan cepat. Pengobatan pyoderma gangrenosum ditujukan untuk mengurangi peradangan, mengendalikan rasa sakit dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka dan mengendalikan penyakit yang mendasarinya.

Pilihan perawatan akan tergantung pada beberapa faktor seperti jumlah ulkus yang muncul, ukuran dan kedalaman ulkus serta tingkat pertumbuhan ulkus di kulit. Beberapa pasien menunjukkan respon positif terhadap pengobatan dengan kombinasi pil, krim, atau suntikan. Pada beberapa kasus, pasien mungkin memerlukan rawat inap di rumah sakit untuk perawatan luka khusus. Bahkan setelah pengobatan berhasil, luka baru sering kali dapat muncul.

Obat-obatan yang dapat diberikan antara lain:

  • Kortikosteroid. Perawatan pyoderma gangrenosum yang paling umum adalah pemberian kortikosteroid dosis harian. Obat ini bisa dioleskan pada kulit, disuntikkan ke luka, atau diminum. Hindari menggunakan obat kortikosteroid di luar anjuran dokter karena dapat menimbulkan efek samping serius.
  • Obat nonsteroid. Obat nonsteroid yang dapat diberikan antara lain siklosporin, mikofenolat, imunoglobulin, dapson, infliximab dan tacrolimus yang merupakan penghambat kalsineurin. Tergantung pada jenis obat yang digunakan, obat ini dapat dioleskan pada luka, disuntikkan atau diminum.
  • Obat nyeri. 

Selain memberikan obat-obatan, dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan perawatan luka atau operasi. Operasi biasanya dilakukan untuk mengangkat jaringan mati. 

Pyoderma gangrenosum adalah penyakit kulit yang langka dan dapat berkembang dengan cepat. Jika Anda mengalami gejala penyakit tersebut sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Yuliana Inosensia
Last Updated : Senin, 15 Juli 2024 | 07:55

Mayo Clinic. Pyoderma Gangrenosum. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pyoderma-gangrenosum/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350392

Rare Disease. Pyoderma Gangrenosum. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pyoderma-gangrenosum/

Oakely, A. (2022). Pyoderma gangrenosum. Available from: https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pyoderma-gangrenosum

 

 Mayo Clinic. Pyoderma Gangrenosum. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pyoderma-gangrenosum/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350392

Rare Disease. Pyoderma Gangrenosum. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pyoderma-gangrenosum/

Oakely, A. (2022). Pyoderma gangrenosum. Available from: https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pyoderma-gangrenosum

 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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