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  • Mengenal Kardiomiopati Postpartum, Salah Satu Gangguan Jantung Setelah Melahirkan

Mengenal Kardiomiopati Postpartum, Salah Satu Gangguan Jantung Setelah Melahirkan

Mengenal Kardiomiopati Postpartum, Salah Satu Gangguan Jantung Setelah Melahirkan

Bagikan :


Ibu hamil perlu melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah selama masa kehamilan. Tekanan darah yang tinggi dan tidak terkontrol dapat mengisyaratkan komplikasi kehamilan seperti preeklamsia. Selain itu, tekanan darah tinggi juga berisiko meningkatkan risiko gangguan jantung setelah persalinan atau yang disebut dengan kardiomiopati postpartum.

Penyebab ganguan jantung setelah melahirkan (kardiomiopati postpartum)

Gangguan jantung bukan hanya mengintai orang yang memiliki masalah atau gangguan pembuluh darah, namun juga pada para ibu usai melahirkan. Dilansir dari laman WebMD, gangguan jantung setelah melahirkan atau kardiomiopati postpartum adalah salah satu bentuk gagal jantung kongestif atau kegagalan jantung yang menyebabkan pembesaran dan kelemahan pada jantung dalam memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh.

Jika gangguan jantung pada umumnya disebabkan oleh penyumbatan atau penyempitan pembuluh darah, maka kardiomiopati postpartum terjadi karena jantung tidak mampu memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh dengan lancar sehingga organ tidak mendapatkan cukup oksigen. Hal tersebut dapat memengaruhi paru-paru, hati dan sejumlah organ lainnya.

Kardiomiopati postpartum dapat terjadi di bulan terakhir kehamilan hingga 5 bulan setelah persalinan. Hingga kini masih belum diketahui penyebab mengapa jantung tiba-tiba membesar sehingga menyebabkan gangguan peredaran darah. Namun para ahli menduga hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh, kurangnya nutrisi, genetik, dan kerusakan pembuluh darah jantung.

Siapa saja yang berisiko mengalami kardiomiopati postpartum?

Kardiomiopati postpartum adalah kondisi yang jarang terjadi. Menurut American Heart Association kondisi ini dapat terjadi sekitar 1.000 sampai 1.300 wanita di Amerika Serikat setiap tahunnya. Meksipun jarang terjadi dan tidak diketahui penyebab pastinya namun para ahli menyatakan hal ini berkaitan dengan kinerja otot yang lebih berat saat hamil. Selain itu beberapa faktor risiko kardiomiopati postpartum di antaranya ibu dengan usia lebih dari 30 tahun, berat badan berlebih, memiliki riwayat tekanan darah tinggi, preeklamsia/eklamsia, diabetes, asma, anemia dan gangguan autoimun. 

Gejala kardiomiopati postpartum

Wanita yang mengalami kardiomiopati postpartum umumnya mengalami gejala yang mirip dengan gejala gagal jantung yaitu:

  • Sesak napas atau napas menjadi pendek-pendek, terutama ketika berbaring
  • Batuk-batuk
  • Pembengkakan di kaki dan perut
  • Takikardia atau detak jantung meningkat
  • Kelelahan
  • Pembengkakan pembuluh darah leher
  • Kesulitan untuk berolahraga atau bergerak aktif

Pada kasus ringan, gejala di atas mungkin tidak mengganggu aktivitas Anda. Namun jika Anda merasa gejala di atas semakin berat maka segera periksakan ke dokter. Untuk mendiagnosa gangguan jantung, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan memeriksa apakah di paru-paru Anda terdapat cairan. Beberapa tes yang mungkin perlu Anda jalani di antaranya ekokardiogram, EKG (Elektrokardiogram), tes darah dan MRI.

Pengobatan kardiomiopati postpartum

Bagi ibu yang terdiagnosis kardiomiopati postpartum kemungkinan akan disarankan untuk menjalani rawat inap di rumah sakit. Apabila terdapat cairan di paru-paru maka dokter akan meresepkan obat diuretik untuk mengeluarkan cairan di dalam tubuh, kemudian rangkaian obat-obatan lain seperti obat ACE-inhibitor untuk meringankan kerja jantung dan obat-obatan yang mencegah terbentuknya gumpalan darah.

Gangguan jantung setelah melahirkan mungkin dapat terjadi tanpa disadari, untuk itu lakukanlah pemeriksaan kehamilan secara rutin dan segera periksakan jika Anda mengalami gejala kardiomiopati postpartum. Pada tingkat awal, gangguan ini dapat diatasi dengan obat-obatan dan ibu dapat pulih sekitar 2 minggu hingga 6 bulan setelah pengobatan. Selain itu, jika Anda terdiagnosis kardiomiopati postaprtum, kemungkinan dokter akan mencegah Anda untuk hamil lagi.

 

Ditulis oleh Ratih | Diulas secara medis oleh dr. Nadia Opmalina | Diperbarui pada 5 November 2021.

Sumber :

  1. Dan Brennan. What Is Postpartum Cardiomyopathy? (2021). Available from : https://www.webmd.com/parenting/what-is-postpartum-cardiomyopathy
  2. Kristeen Moore. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (2017). Available from : Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis (healthline.com)

 

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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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